| 1. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 2. |
- Robitaille, Annie, et al.
(författare)
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Transitions across cognitive states and death among older adults in relation to education: A multistate survival model using data from six longitudinal studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 14:4, s. 462-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 the Alzheimer's Association. Introduction: This study examines the role of educational attainment, an indicator of cognitive reserve, on transitions in later life between cognitive states (normal Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), mild MMSE impairment, and severe MMSE impairment) and death. Methods: Analysis of six international longitudinal studies was performed using a coordinated approach. Multistate survival models were used to estimate the transition patterns via different cognitive states. Life expectancies were estimated. Results: Across most studies, a higher level of education was associated with a lower risk of transitioning from normal MMSE to mild MMSE impairment but was not associated with other transitions. Those with higher levels of education and socioeconomic status had longer nonimpaired life expectancies. Discussion: This study highlights the importance of education in later life and that early life experiences can delay later compromised cognitive health. This study also demonstrates the feasibility and benefit in conducting coordinated analysis across multiple studies to validate findings.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Laukka, Erika J., et al.
(författare)
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Lower Ankle-Brachial Index Is Related to Worse Cognitive Performance in Old Age
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - : AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 28:2, s. 281-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to study the associations between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) and performance in a range of cognitive domains in nondemented elderly persons. Methods: Data were collected within the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 and 1936 studies. These are two narrow-age cohorts at age 87 (n = 170) and 73 (n = 748) years. ABI was analyzed as a dichotomous (PAD vs. no PAD) and a continuous measure. PAD was defined as having an ABI less than 0.90. Measures of nonverbal reasoning, verbal declarative memory, verbal fluency, working memory, and processing speed were administered. Both samples were screened for dementia. Results: We observed no significant differences in cognitive performance between persons with or without PAD. However, higher ABI was associated with better general cognition (beta = .23, p = .02, R-2 change = .05) and processing speed (beta = .29, p < .01, R-2 change = .08) in the older cohort and better processing speed (beta = .12, p < .01, R-2 change = .01) in the younger cohort. This was after controlling for age, sex, and childhood mental ability and excluding persons with abnormally high ABI (>1.40) and a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Conclusion: Lower ABI is associated with worse cognitive performance in old age, especially in the oldest old (>85 years), possibly because of long-term exposure to atherosclerotic disease. Interventions targeting PAD in persons free of manifest cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease may reduce the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia.
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| 5. |
- Sorjonen, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Mediation of the gravitational influence of intelligence on socio-economic outcomes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Intelligence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2896 .- 1873-7935. ; 53, s. 8-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 'gravitational hypothesis' posits that the strength of the association between intelligence and occupational position should increase with age. Here, it is tested in an age-homogeneous, population-representative sample of Swedish men (N = 49,246). Intelligence had a positive effect on occupational and income trajectories, supporting the hypothesis. Although weaker, socio-economic background also had a positive effect on occupational and income trajectories. Both the effect of intelligence and of socioeconomic background was to a large extent mediated by subjects' education level. Intelligence, socio-economic background, and level of education were also found to have a positive association with a deceleration of the increase in occupational position and income with age.
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