| 1. |
- Bett, Bernard, et al.
(author)
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Climate Change and Infectious Livestock Diseases : The Case of Rift Valley Fever and Tick-Borne Diseases
- 2019
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In: The Climate-Smart Agriculture Papers. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319927978 - 9783319927985 ; , s. 29-37
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate change influences the occurrence and transmission of a wide range of livestock diseases through multiple pathways. Diseases caused by pathogens that spent part of their life cycle outside the host (e.g. in vectors or the environment) are more sensitive in this regard, compared to those caused by obligate pathogens. In this chapter, we use two well-studied vector-borne diseases—Rift Valley fever (RVF) and tick-borne diseases (TBDs)—as case studies to describe direct pathways through which climate change influences infectious disease-risk in East and southern Africa. The first case study demonstrates that changes in the distribution and frequency of above-normal precipitation increases the frequency of RVF epidemics. The second case study suggests that an increase in temperature would cause shifts in the spatial distribution of TBDs, with cooler and wetter areas expected to experience heightened risk with climate change. These diseases already cause severe losses in agricultural productivity, food security and socio-economic development wherever they occur, and an increase in their incidence or geographical coverage would intensify these losses. We further illustrate some of the control measures that can be used to manage these diseases and recommend that more research should be done to better understand the impacts of climate change on livestock diseases as well as on the effectiveness of the available intervention measures.
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| 2. |
- Lindahl, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Urban Livestock Keeping : Leveraging for Food and Nutrition Security
- 2019
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In: Encyclopedia of Food Security and Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 9780128126882 ; , s. 322-325
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In spite of the importance of urban livestock keeping in providing the urban populations with livelihoods and nutritious foods, this phenomenon does have both benefits and negative effects. Here we explore the different strengths and weaknesses of urban livestock systems, including the risks for transmission of diseases and contribution to poor sanitation. In addition we look at the opportunities and threats that urban livestock keeping may face in the future, which are often dependent on policies and public attitudes.
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| 3. |
- Lindahl, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Urban Livestock-Keeping : Contributions to Food and Nutrition Security
- 2018
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In: Encyclopedia of Food Security and Sustainability. - : Elsevier. - 9780128126882 ; , s. 317-321
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When more and more people live in cities, there is increased need to produce food close to and within cities. The high value of livestock products and the increasing demand from the growing urban middle classes create a niche for urban livestock keeping, which contribute to the food security and the livelihoods of many different value chain actors. This chapter explores the different kinds of urban livestock keeping in low and middle-income countries and provides a view of the dynamics as well as the importance.
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