| 1. |
- Daly, D., et al.
(författare)
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How much synthetic oxytocin is infused during labour? A review and analysis of regimens used in 12 countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare synthetic oxytocin infusion regimens used during labour, calculate the International Units (IU) escalation rate and total amount of IU infused over eight hours. Design Observational study Setting Twelve countries, eleven European and South Africa. Sample National, regional or institutional-level regimens on oxytocin for induction and augmentation labour Methods Data on oxytocin IU dose, infusion fluid amount, start dose, escalation rate and maximum dose were collected. Values for each regimen were converted to IU in 1000ml diluent. One IU corresponded to 1.67 mu g for doses provided in grams/micrograms. IU hourly dose increase rates were based on escalation frequency. Cumulative doses and total IU amount infused were calculated by adding the dose administered for each previous hour. Main Outcome Measures Oxytocin IU dose infused Results Data were obtained on 21 regimens used in 12 countries. Details on the start dose, escalation interval, escalation rate and maximum dose infused were available from 16 regimens. Starting rates varied from 0.06 IU/hour to 0.90 IU/hour, and the maximum dose rate varied from 0.90 IU/hour to 3.60 IU/hour. The total amount of IU oxytocin infused, estimated over eight hours, ranged from 2.38 IU to 27.00 IU, a variation of 24.62 IU and an 11-fold difference. Conclusion Current variations in oxytocin regimens for induction and augmentation of labour are inexplicable. It is crucial that the appropriate minimum infusion regimen is administered because synthetic oxytocin is a potentially harmful medication with serious consequences for women and babies when inappropriately used. Estimating the total amount of oxytocin IU received by labouring women, alongside the institution's mode of birth and neonatal outcomes, may deepen our understanding and be the way forward to identifying the optimal infusion regimen.
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| 2. |
- Stenevi-Lundgren, S., et al.
(författare)
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The increase in physical performance and gain in lean and fat mass occur in prepubertal children independent of mode of school transportation. One year data from the prospective controlled Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0778-7367 .- 2049-3258. ; 67:2, s. 88-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this 12-month study in pre-pubertal children was to evaluate the effect of school transportation on gain in lean and fat mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Ninety-seven girls and 133 boys aged 7-9 years from the Malmö Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention Study were included. Regional lean and fat mass were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors by a computerised dynamometer and physical performance by vertical jump height. Level of physical activity was assessed by accelerometers. The 12-month changes in children who walked or cycled to school were compared with changes in those who travelled by bus or car. Results: There were no differences in baseline or annual changes in lean or fat mass gain, muscle strength or physical performance between the two groups. All children reached the internationally recommended level of 60 minutes per day of moderate or high physical activity by accelerometers. Conclusion: The choice of school transportation in pre-pubertal children seems not to influence the gain in lean and fat mass, muscle strength or functional ability, probably as the everyday physical activity is so high that the mode of school transportation contributes little to the total level of activity.
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| 3. |
- Kraen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in COPD and atherosclerosis with emphasis on the effects of smoking
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP´s) are known biomarkers of atherosclerosis. MMP´s are also involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoking plays an important role in both disease states and is also known to affect the concentration and activity of MMP´s systemically. Unfortunately, the epidemiological data concerning the value of MMP´s as biomarkers of COPD and atherosclerosis with special regards to smoking habits are limited. Methods 450 middle-aged subjects with records of smoking habits and tobacco consumption were examined with comprehensive spirometry, carotid ultrasound examination and biomarker analysis of MMP-1, -3, -7, -10 and -12. Due to missing data 33 subjects were excluded. Results The remaining 417 participants were divided into 4 different groups. Group I (n = 157, no plaque and no COPD), group II (n = 136, plaque but no COPD), group III (n = 43, COPD but no plaque) and group IV (n = 81, plaque and COPD). Serum levels of MMP-1,-7,-10-12 were significantly influenced by smoking, and MMP-1, -3, -7 and-12 were elevated in subjects with COPD and carotid plaque. This remained statistically significant for MMP-1 and-12 after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Conclusion COPD and concomitant plaque in the carotid artery were associated with elevated levels of MMP-1 and -MMP-12 even when adjusting for risk factors. Further studies are needed to elucidate if these two MMP´s could be useful as biomarkers in a clinical setting. Smoking was associated with increased serum levels of MMP´s (except for MMP-3) and should be taken into account when interpreting serum MMP results.
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| 4. |
- Malmgren, A., et al.
(författare)
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Electrocardiographic manifestations in female team handball players : analyzing ECG changes in athletes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9367. ; 6, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Long-term intense training leads to structural, functional, and electrical remodeling of the heart. How different sports affect the heart has not been fully investigated, particularly for female athletes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphology of 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG) in elite female handball players compared to non-athlete female subjects. Potential changes will be explored to see if they could be explained by differences in cardiac dimensions and exercise hours.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 33 elite female team handball players compared to 33 sex and age-matched, non-athletic controls (age range 18-26 years) was performed. All participants underwent a resting 12-lead ECG and an echocardiographic examination. ECG variables for left ventricular hypertrophy and durations were evaluated and adjusted for cardiac dimensions and exercise hours using ANCOVA analysis. A linear regression analysis was used to describe relation between echocardiographic and ECG measures and exercise hours.Results: The female handball players had larger cardiac dimensions and significantly lower heart rate and QTc duration (Bazett's formula) as well as increased QRS and QT durations compared to controls. The 12-lead sum of voltage and the 12-lead sum of voltage & lowast; QRS were significantly higher among handball players. Changes in ECG variables reflecting the left ventricle could in part be explained by left ventricular size and exercise hours. Correlation with exercise hours were moderately strong in most of the echocardiographic measures reflecting left ventricular (LV), left ventricular mass (LVM), left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA) size. Poor to fair correlations were seen in the majority of ECG measures.Conclusions: Female team handball players had altered ECGs, longer QRS and QT durations, higher 12-lead sum of voltage and 12-lead sum of voltage & lowast; QRS as well as shorter QTc (Bazett's formula) duration compared to non-athletic controls. These findings could only partly be explained by differences in left ventricular size. Despite larger atrial size in the athletes, no differences in P-wave amplitude and duration were found on ECG. This suggest that both structural, and to some degree electrical remodeling, occur in the female team handball players' heart and highlight that a normal ECG does not rule out structural adaptations. The present study adds knowledge to the field of sports cardiology regarding how the heart in female team handball players adapts to this type of sport.
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| 5. |
- Begley, Cecily, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome measures in studies on the use of oxytocin for the treatment of delay in labour: A systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138. ; 30:9, s. 975-982
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: to identify primary and secondary outcome measures in randomised trials, and systematic reviews of randomised trials, measuring effectiveness of oxytocin for treatment of delay in the first and second stages of labour, and to identify any positive health-focussed outcomes used. Design: eight relevant citation databases were searched up to January 2013 for all randomised trials, and systematic reviews of randomised trials, measuring effectiveness of oxytocin for treatment of delay in labour. Trials of active management of labour or partogram action lines were excluded. 1918 citations were identified. Two reviewers reviewed all citations and extracted data. Twenty-six individual trials and five systematic reviews were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures were documented and analysed using frequency distributions. Findings: most frequent primary outcomes were caesarean section (n=15, 46%), length of labour (n=14, 42%), measurements of uterine activity (n=13, 39%) and mode of vaginal birth (n=9, 27%). Maternal satisfaction was identified a priori by one review and included as a secondary outcome by three papers. No further positive health-focussed outcomes were identified. Key conclusions: outcomes used to measure the effectiveness of oxytocin for treatment of delay in labour are heterogeneous and tend to focus on adverse events. Implications for practice: it is recommended that, in future randomised trials of oxytocin use for delay in labour, some women-centred and health-focussed outcome measures should be used, which may instil a more salutogenic culture in childbirth. © 2014 The Authors.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kraen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fibroblast growth factor 23 is an independent marker of COPD and is associated with impairment of pulmonary function and diffusing capacity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111. ; 182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone that in recent years has been reported to have significant effects on numerous tissues. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with hypophosphatemia but the evidence for elevated plasma levels of FGF23 in COPD subjects is ambiguous. Recently, FGF23 has even been shown to be involved in the inflammatory pathways activated in COPD, so FGF23 could be a novel biomarker for COPD and impairment of pulmonary function. The purpose was thus to explore the association of FGF23 with COPD and measures of pulmonary function. This was a cross sectional study of 450 subjects who underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, determination of diffusing capacity (DL,CO) and biomarker analysis of FGF23, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8. Forty-four participants were excluded due to missing data or renal impairment (eGFR <45 mL/min/m2). Spirometry identified 123 subjects with COPD. FGF23 levels were elevated in COPD subjects compared to non COPD subjects, and this remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and smoking habits (OR = 1.6, p = 0.02). Linear regression showed significant relationships between FGF23 and FEV1 (β = −0.15, p = 0.003), RV/TLC (β = 0.09, p = 0.05) and DL, CO (β = −0.24, p < 0.001). In conclusion we found that plasma levels of FGF23 are elevated in COPD subjects even when adjusting for traditional risk factors. Furthermore, FGF23 is associated with impairment in lung function as measured by FEV1 and DL,CO. Further studies are needed to establish whether FGF23 could serve as a novel biomarker of COPD and emphysema development.
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| 8. |
- Stenevi Lundgren, S., et al.
(författare)
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Low physical activity is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture—a 2-year prospective study in children
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 28:12, s. 3373-3378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: The study investigates the effect of physical activity (PA) on a composite score for fracture risk in pre-pubertal children. Low PA in children is related to the composite score for fracture risk and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the score. Introduction: This study evaluates if PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture. Research questions are the following: (i) What is the effect of physical activity (PA) on single traits and a composite score for fracture risk? (ii) Could this score be used to identify the level of PA needed to reach beneficial effects? Methods: This prospective population-based study included 269 children, aged 7–9 years at baseline while 246 attended the 2-year follow-up. We estimated duration of PA by questionnaires and measured traits that independently predict fractures. We then calculated gender specific Z-scores for each variable. The mean Z-score of all traits was used as a composite score for fracture risk. We tested correlation between duration of PA, each trait, and the composite score and group differences between children in different quartiles of PA. Results: At baseline, we found no correlation between duration of PA and any of the traits or the composite score. At follow-up, we found a correlation between PA and the composite score. Physical activity had an effect on composite score, and children in the lowest quartiles of PA had unbeneficial composite score compared to children in the other quartiles. Conclusion: Low PA in children is related to clustering of risk factors for fracture, and the pre-pubertal years seem to be a period when PA positively affects the composite score.
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| 9. |
- Asp, N G, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fibre in type II diabetes
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum. - : Wiley. - 0365-463X .- 0001-6101. ; 210:S656, s. 47-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have indicated that diets rich in digestible carbohydrates and dietary fibre might be beneficial in the regulation of type II non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). Addition of the gel forming type of dietary fibre such as pectin and guar gum to meals or glucose solutions reduces post-prandial glucose and insulin response. Addition of cereal fibres in the form of bran seems to have long term beneficial effect improving glucose tolerance. Little is known, however, concerning effects of dietary fibre naturally occurring in food on postprandial glucose and hormone response. In the present study we prepared two breakfast meals which were similar regarding digestible carbohydrates but differed in their dietary fibre content. One of the meals, including whole grain bread and whole apples, contained 8.4 g of dietary fibre, and the other one, containing white bread and apple juice, 3.1 g. When given to eight NIDD, the fibre rich breakfast gave significantly lower blood glucose increment during the three hours following ingestion. The results indicate that foods rich in dietary fibre might be useful in the regulation of type II diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Lopez, A. Garcia, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of SenseWear Armband in children, adolescents, and adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 28:2, s. 487-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SenseWear Armband (SW) is a multisensor monitor to assess physical activity and energy expenditure. Its prediction algorithms have been updated periodically. The aim was to validate SW in children, adolescents, and adults. The most recent SW algorithm 5.2 (SW5.2) and the previous version 2.2 (SW2.2) were evaluated for estimation of energy expenditure during semi-structured activities in 35 children, 31 adolescents, and 36 adults with indirect calorimetry as reference. Energy expenditure estimated from waist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ data (AG) was used for comparison. Improvements in measurement errors were demonstrated with SW5.2 compared to SW2.2, especially in children and for biking. The overall mean absolute percent error with SW5.2 was 24% in children, 23% in adolescents, and 20% in adults. The error was larger for sitting and standing (23%-32%) and for basketball and biking (19%-35%), compared to walking and running (8%-20%). The overall mean absolute error with AG was 28% in children, 22% in adolescents, and 28% in adults. The absolute percent error for biking was 32%-74% with AG. In general, SW and AG underestimated energy expenditure. However, both methods demonstrated a proportional bias, with increasing underestimation for increasing energy expenditure level, in addition to the large individual error. SW provides measures of energy expenditure level with similar accuracy in children, adolescents, and adults with the improvements in the updated algorithms. Although SW captures biking better than AG, these methods share remaining measurements errors requiring further improvements for accurate measures of physical activity and energy expenditure in clinical and epidemiological research.
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