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- Godhe, Anna, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Intercalibration of classical and molecular techniques for identification of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae) and estimation of cell densities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883. ; 6:1, s. 56-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A workshop with the aim to compare classical and molecular techniques for phytoplankton enumeration took place at Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Sweden, in August 2005. Seventeen different techniques - nine classical microscopic-based and eight molecular methods - were compared. Alexandrium fundyense was the target organism in four experiments. Experiment 1 was designed to determine the range of cell densities over which the methods were applicable. Experiment 2 tested the species specificity of the methods by adding Alexandrium ostenfeldii, to samples containing A. fundyense. Experiments 3 and 4 tested the ability of the methods to detect the target organism within a natural phytoplankton community. Most of the methods could detect cells at the lowest concentration tested, 100 cells L-1, but the variance was high for methods using small volumes, such as counting chambers and slides. In general, the precision and reproducibility of the investigated methods increased with increased target cell concentration. Particularly molecular methods were exceptions in that their relative standard deviation did not vary with target cell concentration. Only two of the microscopic methods and three of the molecular methods had a significant linear relationship between their cell count estimates and the A. fundyense concentration in experiment 2, where the objective was to discriminate that species from a morphologically similar and genetically closely related species. None of the investigated methods were affected by the addition of a natural plankton community background matrix in experiment 3. The results of this study are discussed in the context of previous intercomparisons and the difficulties in defining the absolute, true target cell concentration. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Lesovoy, D. M., et al.
(författare)
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Unambiguous Tracking of Protein Phosphorylation by Fast High-Resolution FOSY NMR**
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie-International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:44, s. 23540-23544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysregulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) like phosphorylation is often involved in disease. NMR may elucidate exact loci and time courses of PTMs at atomic resolution and near-physiological conditions but requires signal assignment to individual atoms. Conventional NMR methods for this base on tedious global signal assignment that may often fail, as for large intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). We present a sensitive, robust alternative to rapidly obtain only the local assignment near affected signals, based on FOcused SpectroscopY (FOSY) experiments using selective polarisation transfer (SPT). We prove its efficiency by identifying two phosphorylation sites of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta) in human Tau40, an IDP of 441 residues, where the extreme spectral dispersion in FOSY revealed unprimed phosphorylation also of Ser409. FOSY may broadly benefit NMR studies of PTMs and other hotspots in IDPs, including sites involved in molecular interactions.
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- Perez, LG, et al.
(författare)
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TGF-β signaling in Th17 cells promotes IL-22 production and colitis-associated colon cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 2608-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IL-22 has dual functions during tumorigenesis. Short term IL-22 production protects against genotoxic stress, whereas uncontrolled IL-22 activity promotes tumor growth; therefore, tight regulation of IL-22 is essential. TGF-β1 promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells, which are known to be a major source of IL-22, but the effect of TGF-β signaling on the production of IL-22 in CD4+ T cells is controversial. Here we show an increased presence of IL-17+IL-22+ cells and TGF-β1 in colorectal cancer compared to normal adjacent tissue, whereas the frequency of IL-22 single producing cells is not changed. Accordingly, TGF-β signaling in CD4+ T cells (specifically Th17 cells) promotes the emergence of IL-22-producing Th17 cells and thereby tumorigenesis in mice. IL-22 single producing T cells, however, are not dependent on TGF-β signaling. We show that TGF-β, via AhR induction, and PI3K signaling promotes IL-22 production in Th17 cells.
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- Österlöf, Rickard, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Constitutive modelling of the amplitude and frequency dependency of filled elastomers utilizing a modified Boundary Surface Model
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Solids and Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7683 .- 1879-2146. ; 51:19-20, s. 3431-3438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A phenomenological uniaxial model is derived for implementation in the time domain, which captures the amplitude and frequency dependency of filled elastomers. Motivated by the experimental observation that the frequency dependency is stronger for smaller strain amplitudes than for large ones, a novel material model is presented. It utilizes a split of deformation between a generalized Maxwell chain in series with a bounding surface plasticity model with a vanishing elastic region. Many attempts to capture the behaviour of filled elastomers are found in the literature, which often utilize an additive split between an elastic and a history dependent element, in parallel. Even though some models capture the storage and loss modulus during sinusoidal excitations, they often fail to do so for more complex load histories. Simulations with the derived model are compared to measurements in simple shear on a compound of carbon black filled natural rubber used in driveline isolators in the heavy truck industry. The storage and loss modulus from simulations agree very well with measurements, using only 7 material parameters to capture 2 decades of strain (0.5-50% shear strain) and frequency (0.2-20 Hz). More importantly, with material parameters extracted from the measured storage and loss modulus, measurements of a dual sine excitation are well replicated. This enables realistic operating conditions to be simulated early in the development process, before an actual prototype is available for testing, since the loads in real life operating conditions frequently are a combination of many harmonics.
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