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- Salinas, Ener, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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A new technique for reducing extremely low frequency magnetic field emissions affecting large building structures
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmentalist. - 0251-1088 .- 1573-2991. ; 27:4, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When large structures such as residentialcompounds or public buildings are under the influence ofextremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, such asthe one generated by a system of railways fed by16.67 Hz, standard methods of designing shieldingstructures by numerical methods usually fail. The lattercan be explained by the difficulty posed in the computingprocess by the large aspect ratios involved due to thinlayers of metal (a few millimetres or centimetres) incontrast to the large dimensions of the affected structure(several tens of meters). In some cases one has to utilizespecial approximations such as surface conductivity,which are not easy to handle when the designed shieldingstructure is clearly three -dimensional. Other alternativessuch as experimentation in situ are very costly. Here, anew technique is presented of mitigating the field byusing three-dimensional propagation of induced currentsoptimizing the field reduction factors and minimizing thecost of shielding material. The particular designingmethod is a hybrid of numerical simulations combinedwith lab experimentation using scaled models of the largestructure. The method is rather cost-effective and flexible as various designs can be easily tested. Results are presented in the form of magnetic field values, at various locations in the buildings, before and after this mitigation technique is applied.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Zalesny, Ronald S., et al.
(författare)
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Positive water linkages of producing short rotation poplars and willows for bioenergy and phytotechnologies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. - : Wiley. - 2041-8396 .- 2041-840X. ; 8:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) such as poplars and willows is a promising component of global bioenergy and phytotechnology portfolios. In addition to the provision of biomass feedstocks and pollution remediation, these trees and shrubs have been sustainably grown to conserve or utilize water in a variety of applications. Growing these woody plants for multiple uses supports many of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG6) and Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG7). As a result, focusing on ecosystem services such as freshwater and biomass has become an important aspect of deploying these production systems across variable landscapes. The current review consists of an introduction of ecosystem services and the SDGs, as well as SRWCs and their applications. The middle section of the review contains case studies highlighting the positive water linkages of producing short rotation poplars and willows for bioenergy and phytotechnologies. The review concludes with a section that combines the common themes that are consistent among the case studies to address options for integrating new bioenergy feedstock production systems into rural and urban landscapes to promote environmental, social and economic sustainability. This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Economics and Policy Bioenergy > Climate and Environment.
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| 4. |
- Touceda-Gonzalez, M., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial community structure and activity in trace elementcontaminatedsoils phytomanaged by Gentle Remediation Options (GRO)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 231:1, s. 237-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gentle remediation options (GRO) are based on the combined use of plants, associated microorganisms and soil amendments, which can potentially restore soil functions and quality. We studied the effects of three GRO (aided-phytostabilisation, in situ stabilisation and phytoexclusion, and aided-phytoextraction) on the soil microbial biomass and respiration, the activities of hydrolase enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P, and S, and bacterial community structure of trace element contaminated soils (TECS) from six field trials across Europe. Community structure was studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Bacteria, α- and β-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Streptomycetaceae, and sequencing of DGGE bands characteristic of specific treatments. The number of copies of genes involved in ammonia oxidation and denitrification were determined by qPCR.Phytomanagement increased soil microbial biomass at three sites and respiration at the Biogeco site (France). Enzyme activities were consistently higher in treated soils compared to untreated soils at the Biogeco site. At this site, microbial biomass increased from 696 to 2352 mg ATP kg−1 soil, respiration increased from 7.4 to 40.1 mg C-CO2 kg−1 soil d−1, and enzyme activities were 2–11-fold higher in treated soils compared to untreated soil. Phytomanagement induced shifts in the bacterial community structure at both, the total community and functional group levels, and generally increased the number of copies of genes involved in the N cycle (nirK, nirS, nosZ, and amoA). The influence of the main soil physico-chemical properties and trace element availability were assessed and eventual site-specific effects elucidated. Overall, our results demonstrate that phytomanagement of TECS influences soil biological activity in the long term.
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