| 1. |
- Birdsong, Björn K.
(författare)
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Flexible hybrid organic/inorganic SiOx aerogels via in situ template condensation
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern insulation materials such as mineral wool are common but have known health risks. Cellulose-based insulation is an improvement regarding health but is flammable by itself and can settle. Aerogels are an attractive insulation material due to their incredible insulation while also very light, they are made from an abundant non-toxic material (silicon oxide). Several challenges need to be overcome to be viable for common use. Critical point drying is often used which is slow and has a high risk of failure. Further aerogels are brittle where even small deformations result in breaking, limiting their use.This work focused on using graphene oxide, mycelium, or cellulose as organic templates to make organic/inorganic hybrid aerogels by controlled silane condensation.Using graphene oxide (GO) showed that both APTES and TEOS were able to form uniform, smooth silane layers on an organic GO template. It was also possible to remove the GO template without changing the formed silicon oxide material using high temperature. With similar developed condensation conditions, it was possible to form SiOx coatings on bacterial cellulose nanofibrils (bCNF), the choice of silane allowed control over the formed coating morphology, and the modified bCNF dispersion could be freeze-dried into aerogels. To explore the developed coating methodology, another promising insulation material (mycelium) was used as a template. The mimicking of the mycelium hyphae was shown possible, enabling silicon oxide nanofibers after the removal of the mycelium template. Lastly, sol-gel formed organic/inorganic aerogels were developed, using bCNF as a toughening matrix, enabling high flexibility without crack formation or shattering even after significant deformation. The aerogels were thermally stable, flexibile, and avoided critical point drying allowing for large-scale aerogel production.
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| 2. |
- Eckerdal, Erik
(författare)
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Apostolic Succession in the Porvoo Common Statement : Unity through a deeper sense of apostolicity
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of ecumenical dialogues have identified apostolic succession as one of the most crucial issues on which the churches need to find a joint understanding in order to achieve the unity of the Church.When the Porvoo Common Statement (PCS) was published in 1993, it was regarded by some as an ecumenical breakthrough, because it claimed to have established visible and corporate unity between the Lutheran and Anglican churches of the Nordic-Baltic-British-Irish region through a joint understanding of ecclesiology and apostolic succession. The consensus has been achieved, according to the PCS, through a ‘deeper understanding’ that embraces the churches’ earlier diverse interpretations. In the international debate about the PCS, the claim of a ‘deeper understanding’ as a solution to earlier contradictory interpretations has been both praised and criticised, and has been seen as both possible and impossible.This thesis investigates how and why the PCS has been interpreted differently in various contexts, and discerns the arguments used for or against the ecclesiology presented in the PCS. Those arguments are then analysed historically and theologically in order to develop further the comprehension of the ‘deeper understanding’ presented in the PCS and, if possible, to develop the ecclesiology and the notion of apostolic succession described in the PCS.Finally, this study investigates how the PCS has been implemented in the churches that have signed the Porvoo Declaration and in the Porvoo Communion as a whole.
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| 3. |
- Hochberg, Georg K. A., et al.
(författare)
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A hydrophobic ratchet entrenches molecular complexes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 588:7838, s. 503-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most proteins assemble into multisubunit complexes1. The persistence of these complexes across evolutionary time is usually explained as the result of natural selection for functional properties that depend on multimerization, such as intersubunit allostery or the capacity to do mechanical work. In many complexes, however, multimerization does not enable any known function. An alternative explanation is that multimers could become entrenched if substitutions accumulate that are neutral in multimers but deleterious in monomers; purifying selection would then prevent reversion to the unassembled form, even if assembly per se does not enhance biological function. Here we show that a hydrophobic mutational ratchet systematically entrenches molecular complexes. By applying ancestral protein reconstruction and biochemical assays to the evolution of steroid hormone receptors, we show that an ancient hydrophobic interface, conserved for hundreds of millions of years, is entrenched because exposure of this interface to solvent reduces protein stability and causes aggregation, even though the interface makes no detectable contribution to function. Using structural bioinformatics, we show that a universal mutational propensity drives sites that are buried in multimeric interfaces to accumulate hydrophobic substitutions to levels that are not tolerated in monomers. In a database of hundreds of families of multimers, most show signatures of long-term hydrophobic entrenchment. It is therefore likely that many protein complexes persist because a simple ratchet-like mechanism entrenches them across evolutionary time, even when they are functionally gratuitous.
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| 4. |
- Hochberg, Georg K A, et al.
(författare)
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Structural principles that enable oligomeric small heat-shock protein paralogs to evolve distinct functions.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 359:6378, s. 930-935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligomeric proteins assemble with exceptional selectivity, even in the presence of closely related proteins, to perform their cellular roles. We show that most proteins related by gene duplication of an oligomeric ancestor have evolved to avoid hetero-oligomerization and that this correlates with their acquisition of distinct functions. We report how coassembly is avoided by two oligomeric small heat-shock protein paralogs. A hierarchy of assembly, involving intermediates that are populated only fleetingly at equilibrium, ensures selective oligomerization. Conformational flexibility at noninterfacial regions in the monomers prevents coassembly, allowing interfaces to remain largely conserved. Homomeric oligomers must overcome the entropic benefit of coassembly and, accordingly, homomeric paralogs comprise fewer subunits than homomers that have no paralogs.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Gudrun M, 1963-
(författare)
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Clinical and kinematic assessments of upper limb function in persons with post-stroke symptoms
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stroke is a common and multifaceted disease that often involves motor deficits in the upper limb. This thesis investigated reliability and validity of existing clinical assessments of upper limb function in persons with post-stroke symptoms and in non-disabled controls. Study I was conducted in a clinical setting where the Motor Evaluation Scale of Upper Extremity in Stroke patients (MESUPES) was assessed in persons post-stroke by two physiotherapists selected from a group of four. Study II-IV took place in a motion analysis laboratory with an optoelectronic system. Kinematic measures and clinical measures were used to investigate the validity of the Arm Posture Score (APS), the Finger-to-Nose test (FNT), and the Standardised Nine Hole Peg test (S-NHPT) in persons post-stroke and non-disabled controls. The results showed that the MESUPES had a high inter-rater reliability while the concurrent validity was not fully confirmed. MESUPES has a maximum score of 58 and the minimal detectable change ranged from 5 to 8 for a confidence level of 80% and 95%. The Arm Posture Scores, which include either four or six arm movement variables, were able to distinguish between the affected and non-affected arms, as well as between the affected arm and the non-dominant arm of the controls. The total movement time of the FNT, which is a coordination test, was able to distinguish persons post-stroke from controls, at least at a group level. Movement smoothness, accuracy and compensation, obtained from kinematic analysis, were the most discriminative variables for the FNT. Smoothness was most strongly correlated with the timed FNT and had the greatest association with the variance of the timed FNT. For the S-NHPT, which is a dexterity test involving grasping and reaching, the movement times, smoothness and compensation discriminated between the stroke group and the control group. Persons post-stroke spent considerably more time in the grasp-related parts of the task compared to controls. Smoothness and upper limb impairments had the strongest correlation with the S-NHPT. In conclusion, the clinical measures used within stroke rehabilitation seem valid and reliable, although some limitations are highlighted by the kinematic assessment. MESUPES was shown to be a reliable assessment of upper limb movement quality after stroke. The kinematic analysis revealed that the timed FNT does not have sufficient discriminative validity at an individual level. The timed FNT reflected speed-related aspects of pointing movements such as smoothness and length of the deceleration phase, but should not be used as an overall measure of upper limb coordination after stroke. The timed S-NHPT demonstrated sufficient discriminative validity and reflected smoothness and upper limb impairments. For both the FNT and S-NHPT, kinematic analysis showed that the clinical outcomes of those tests (time of performance) did not adequately detect qualitative aspects of the upper limb movements after stroke such as possible compensatory movements. Therefore, clinical assessments that capture qualitative aspects of upper limb movements would improve the assessment of upper limb coordination and dexterity after stroke. In addition, 3D movement analysis provided unique information about upper limb function after stroke, not least in persons with mild post-stroke impairments. The APS, for instance, which quantifies how much the arm swing during gait deviates from normal, discriminated between persons with stroke and non-disabled persons. Such subtle deviations are not possible to quantify with the human eye.
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| 6. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 7. |
- Kukk, E., et al.
(författare)
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Energy-dependent timescales in the dissociation of diiodothiophene dication
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 25:7, s. 5795-5807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodissociation molecular dynamics of gas-phase 2,5-diiodothiophene molecules was studied in an electron-energy-resolved electron-multi-ion coincidence experiment performed at the FinEstBeAMS beamline of MAX IV synchrotron. Following the photoionization of the iodine 4d subshell and the Auger decay, the dissociation landscape of the molecular dication was investigated as a function of the Auger electron energy. Concentrating on an major dissociation pathway, C4H2I2S2+ -> C4H2S+ + I+ + I, and accessing the timescales of the process via ion momentum correlation analysis, it was revealed how this three-body process changes depending on the available internal energy. Using a generalized secondary dissociation model, the process was shown to evolve from secondary dissociation regime towards concerted dissociation as the available energy increased, with the secondary dissociation time constant changing from 1.5 ps to 129 fs. The experimental results were compared with simulations using a stochastic charge-hopping molecular mechanics model. It represented the observed trend and also gave a fair quantitative agreement with the experiment.
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Terese, et al.
(författare)
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Older persons' experience of eHealth services in home health care : A meta-ethnography eHealth services in home health care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 27:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe older persons' experiences of eHealth services in home health care. A meta-ethnographic approach was applied, and a systematic literature search was conducted in three databases. In total, 11 articles were included and analysed, which resulted in two themes and six sub-themes. The results show that for older persons to use the eHealth services, they must provide some additional value compared to current contacts with healthcare professionals. Those with regular healthcare contact do not experience the eHealth service as adding anything to the care they already receive. The introduction of eHealth services involves learning how to use the new technology, and some older persons experience the technology as motivating and inspiring. The eHealth service makes some feel safer while some do not trust the technology. In order to make the best use of eHealth services, it is important that the services are adjusted not only to each person's needs but also to their personal capabilities and resources, while the older person must feel valued as an active partner in the care process. Thus, when using eHealth services, the older person's perspective needs to be given priority and decisions should not only be based on organizational considerations.
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| 9. |
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Litteraturen i arbete : Vänskrift till Peter Forsgren
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Litteraturen i arbete består av birag som undersöker hur litteraturen, litteraturvetenskapen och andra humanistiska inriktningar kan arbeta i relation till sin omgivning. Texterna är skrivna på svenska, danska och engelska, och omfattar skilda genrer och ämnen: mellan pärmarna samsas litteraturvetenskapliga artiklar med dikt, essäer och dialoger, och många bidrag kretsar kring ämnen som modernitet, genus och klass, några av dem i kombination med ekokritiska eller postkoloniala frågeställningar.
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| 10. |
- Olofsdotter, Susanne
(författare)
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Anxiety among Adolescents : Measurement, Clinical Characteristics, and Influences of Parenting and Genetics
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anxiety is the most commonly reported mental health problem among adolescents. Still, many adolescents in need of treatment are not detected and the clinical characteristics and etiological pathways of adolescent anxiety are under-researched topics. This thesis examined the clinical utility of the Swedish versions of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the clinical characteristics of multiple anxiety disorders among psychiatrically referred adolescents, and the influence of parenting and oxytocin gene (OXT) variants on anxiety among adolescents in the general population. Studies employed cross-sectional and longitudinal designs and were based on questionnaire, interview, and genotype data.Support for the reliability and validity of both SCAS and SCAS-P was obtained. The overall ability to predict anxiety among referred adolescents ranged from fair to excellent for both scales. Among adolescents psychiatrically referred for any reason, the prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 46%. Homotypic comorbidity was observed in 43%, and heterotypic comorbidity in 91%.Early adolescent anxiety influenced homotypic anxiety in late adolescence independent of parental rejection and control. The mediating role of parenting was small with indirect effect sizes no larger than one-tenth the size of direct effects, irrespective of the informant on parenting behavior.Significant interaction effects with positive and negative parenting were observed for OXT variants rs4813625 and rs2770378 in relation to social anxiety. The nature of the interactions was in line with the differential susceptibility framework for rs4813625, whereas for rs2770378, results indicated a diathesis–stress type of interaction.The findings suggest that psychiatrically referred adolescents with anxiety disorders are best characterized as a highly complex patient group and call attention to the necessity of structured assessment. For this purpose, this thesis provides evidence for the clinical utility of the SCAS; routine utilization of this questionnaire can improve detection of adolescents in need of anxiety treatment. Findings of this theses further suggest that the influence of positive and negative parenting behaviors on anxiety may be of greater importance among some adolescents than others, depending on individual differences in sensitivity to parenting. The etiology of anxiety among adolescents may therefore involve differential susceptibility effects of the interplay between genes and parenting behaviors.
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