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- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported disability in relation to alcohol and other drug use and mental health among emerging adults : an international comparison
- 2012
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 36:s1, s. 284A-284A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study includes baseline data from 2867 students (77.8% from Sweden, 22.2% from US) and evaluates the relationships among self-reported disabilities, alcohol use, other substance use, and psychosocial adjustment. There were 114 (4.6%) ‘‘hard-of-hearing’’ (HH) students, 129 (5.2%) reported visual disabilities, 33 (1.3%) reported motor disabilities, 223 (9.0%) reported a reading/writing disability, and 97 (3.6%) reported they had ‘‘other’’ disabilities. Of these, 70 (14.1%) reported more than one disability. Presence of a disability was significantly higher among Sweden students (2 (1)=19.93, p< 0.001), with 19.1% of Sweden students and 11.5% of US students reporting at least one disability. Reporting any type of disability was associated with significantly greater alcohol use frequency, intensity, and related problems (all p < 0.02), significantly more mental health symptoms and conduct problems (p < 0.005), and significantly greater likelihood of illicit and prescription drug use (all p < 0.001). With respect to specific disabilities, individuals with motor disabilities reported the highest levels of alcohol use and mental health symptoms, whereas individuals who reported ‘‘other’’ disabilities had higher rates of illicit drug use and conduct problems. Further, there was a significantly positive correlation between the number of disabilities and intensity of alcohol use, mental health symptoms, conduct problems, illicit and prescription drug use, and alcohol related problems (all p < 0.001). The association between conduct problems and disability (any disability and number of disabilities) was moderated by country of origin, gender, and drinking for coping reasons on the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Participants in Sweden, males, and those who drank for coping reasons were more likely to report a relationship between disability and conduct problems (p < 0.001). Participants who drank for coping reasons were also more likely to report a relationship between disability and alcohol related problems (p=0.001). These findings indicate students with disabilities are an important risk group for preventive interventions for alcohol, substance, and mental health problems, and may benefit from interventions which target healthy coping skills. This research was supported by NIAAA # 5R01AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund
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- Grazioli, V.S., et al.
(författare)
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Injunctive norms of alcohol-related consequences among high school students : impact on alcohol outcomes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 37:s2, s. 156A-156A
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Literature indicates that high school students experience numerous negative consequences related to drinking (Miller, Naimi, Brewer, & Jones, 2007). It is therefore important to understand determinants of drinking behaviors in this population, such as injunctive norms (i.e., perception of self and/or others’ approval of a specific behavior; Cialdini et al., 1990). A recent study among college students documented a discrepancy between personal attitudes about alcohol-related consequences and perceived attitudes of peers, with students perceiving peers to be more approving of alcohol-related consequences than themselves, which predicted higher rates of alcohol use (DeMartini, Carey, Lao, & Luciano, 2011). To our knowledge, this has not been studied among high school students. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the predictive role of perceived differences in injunctive norms between self and peers for alcohol-related consequences among high school seniors. The sample included 3,352 students in the US (n = 1181, 57.7%female) and Sweden (n = 2171, 55.9% female), participating in an international longitudinal study about alcohol use trajectories. Measures included injunctive norms for self and friends for alcohol-related consequences (i.e., 7 items adapted from the RAPI; White & Labouvie, 1989), alcohol-related consequences (RAPI; White & Labouvie, 1989), and alcohol use (DDQ; Collins, Parks, & Marlatt, 1985). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare mean injunctive norms for self (M = 1.78), and friends (M = 2.02). There was a significant difference in perceived attitudes between self and friends (t (3173) = -17.76, p < .001) such that injunctive norms for self were lower than for friends. Next, regression analyses evaluated the discrepancy in injunctive norms for self and friends and its relation to alcohol outcomes. Differences between self and friends were computed by subtracting self from friends (F-S). F-S significantly predicted total drinks per week (b = .11, F (1, 3059) = 40.27, p < .001), average drinks per drinking occasion (b = .08, F (1, 3059) = 17.37, p < .001), and negative consequences (b = .21, F (1, 3113) = 143.09, p < .001). These results provide additional support of the importance of injunctive norms of alcohol-related consequences in young adults and have implications for prevention programs tailored to high school students. This research was supported by NIAAA #U01 AA018276 awarded to Drs. Larimer & Berglund.
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- Allen, John, et al.
(författare)
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General discussion
- 2003
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2970. ; 358:1429, s. 217-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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