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- Liang, Yajun, et al.
(author)
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Trends in Disability in Activities of Daily Living Among Chinese Older Adults, 1997-2006 : The China Health and Nutrition Survey
- 2015
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In: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 70:6, s. 739-745
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. A decline in prevalence of late-life disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) has been reported in Western countries. We investigate the time trend of disability in basic ADLs among Chinese older people in 1997-2006, and explore the potential contribution of cardiometabolic diseases to the trend. Methods. The study included 7,845 participants (age >= 60 years) in the China Health and Nutrition Survey who were examined in 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2006. Data on ADLs were collected through interviews. Disability in basic ADLs was defined as need of assistance or inability to perform at least one of the five self-care activities of bathing, dressing, toileting, feeding, and transferring. Generalized estimating equation models were used to test the time trend in ADL disability and its association with cardiometabolic diseases. Results. Prevalence of ADL disability decreased from 13.2% in 1997 to 9.9% in 2006; the trend was statistically evident among people aged 60-69 years, women, and rural residents (p(trend) <.05). From 1997 to 2006, the prevalence of ADL disability decreased at a relative annual rate of 3.1% in total sample; the decline was statistically more evident in young-olds than older-olds, in men than women, and in rural than urban residents. The disabling effect decreased over time for stroke (p(trend) = .032) and multiple cardiometabolic diseases (p(trend) = .014). Conclusions. The prevalence of disability in basic ADLs among Chinese older adults decreased from 1997 to 2006. Stroke and multiple cardiometabolic diseases appear to become less disabling over time, which may partly contribute to the favorable trend in ADL disability.
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| 2. |
- Liang, Yajun, et al.
(author)
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Trends in incidence of hypertension in Chinese adults, 1991-2009 : The China Health and Nutrition Survey
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 175:1, s. 96-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/objectives: Previous studies have shown an upward trend in the prevalence of hypertension, but data on trend of incidence of hypertension are lacking. We seek to investigate the trends in incidence of hypertension and control of incident hypertension among Chinese adults during 1991-1997 and 2004-2009. Methods: Within the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2009), we identified five cohorts of adults (age >= 18 years) who were free of hypertension at baseline of each cohort: cohorts 1991-1997 (n = 4107), 1993-2000 (n = 4068), 1997-2004 (n = 4141), 2000-2006 (n = 4695), and 2004-2009 (n = 4523). Data on demographics, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were collected through interviews and clinical examination. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >= 140/90 mmHg or currently using antihypertensive drugs. Multiple generalized estimation equations and Coxregression models were used to test the trends in blood pressure, incidence of hypertension, use of antihypertensive drugs, and control status of incident hypertension. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, incidence of hypertension (per 100 person-years) significantly increased from 2.9 in 1991-1997 to 5.3 in 2004-2009 (p(trend) = 0.024); the linear trend was statistically or marginally significant in the age group of 18-39 years, in women, in rural residents, and in adults with normal BMI. The overall rates of antihypertensive treatment and control of incident hypertension increased significantly from 5.7% and 1.7% in 1991-1997 to 19.9% and 7.6% in 2004-2009, respectively (p(trend) < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of hypertension has increased in Chinese adults since early 1990s. The treatment and control status of incident hypertension, while improved, remain very poor.
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| 3. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(author)
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Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
- 2022
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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