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- Forsgren, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated CO2 affects embryonic development and larval phototaxis in a temperate marine fish
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 3:11, s. 3637-3646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an effect of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the chemistry of the world's oceans is changing. Understanding how this will affect marine organisms and ecosystems are critical in predicting the impacts of this ongoing ocean acidification. Work on coral reef fishes has revealed dramatic effects of elevated oceanic CO2 on sensory responses and behavior. Such effects may be widespread but have almost exclusively been tested on tropical reef fishes. Here we test the effects elevated CO2 has on the reproduction and early life history stages of a temperate coastal goby with paternal care by allowing goby pairs to reproduce naturally in an aquarium with either elevated (ca 1400atm) CO2 or control seawater (ca 370atm CO2). Elevated CO2 did not affect the occurrence of spawning nor clutch size, but increased embryonic abnormalities and egg loss. Moreover, we found that elevated CO2 significantly affected the phototactic response of newly hatched larvae. Phototaxis is a vision-related fundamental behavior of many marine fishes, but has never before been tested in the context of ocean acidification. Our findings suggest that ocean acidification affects embryonic development and sensory responses in temperate fishes, with potentially important implications for fish recruitment.
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| 2. |
- Gräns, Albin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic scope fails to explain the detrimental effects on growth resulting from warming and elevated CO2 in Atlantic halibut
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 217:5, s. 711-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, the world's oceans are becoming warmer and more acidic. Whilst the ecological effects of these changes are poorly understood, it has been suggested that fish performance including growth will be reduced mainly as a result of limitations in oxygen transport capacity. Contrary to the predictions given by the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance hypothesis, we show that aerobic scope and cardiac performance of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) increase following 14–16 weeks exposure to elevated temperatures and even more so in combination with CO2-acidified seawater. However, the increase does not translate into improved growth, demonstrating that oxygen uptake is not the limiting factor for growth performance at high temperatures. Instead, long-term exposure to CO2-acidified seawater reduces growth at temperatures that are frequently encountered by this species in nature, indicating that elevated atmospheric CO2 levels may have serious implications on fish populations in the future.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kreiss, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Ocean warming and acidification modulate energy budget and gill ion regulatory mechanisms in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0174-1578. ; 185:7, s. 767-781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean warming and acidification are threatening marine ecosystems. In marine animals, acidification is thought to enhance ion regulatory costs and thereby baseline energy demand, while elevated temperature also increases baseline metabolic rate. Here we investigated standard metabolic rates (SMR) and plasma parameters of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after 3-4 weeks of exposure to ambient and future PCO2 levels (550, 1200 and 2200 A mu atm) and at two temperatures (10, 18 A degrees C). In vivo branchial ion regulatory costs were studied in isolated, perfused gill preparations. Animals reared at 18 A degrees C responded to increasing CO2 by elevating SMR, in contrast to specimens at 10 A degrees C. Isolated gills at 10 A degrees C and elevated PCO2 (a parts per thousand yen1200 A mu atm) displayed increased soft tissue mass, in parallel to increased gill oxygen demand, indicating an increased fraction of gill in whole animal energy budget. Altered gill size was not found at 18 A degrees C, where a shift in the use of ion regulation mechanisms occurred towards enhanced Na+/H+-exchange and HCO3 (-) transport at high PCO2 (2200 A mu atm), paralleled by higher Na+/K+-ATPase activities. This shift did not affect total gill energy consumption leaving whole animal energy budget unaffected. Higher Na+/K+-ATPase activities in the warmth might have compensated for enhanced branchial permeability and led to reduced plasma Na+ and/or Cl- concentrations and slightly lowered osmolalities seen at 18 A degrees C and 550 or 2200 A mu atm PCO2 in vivo. Overall, the gill as a key ion regulation organ seems to be highly effective in supporting the resilience of cod to effects of ocean warming and acidification.
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