| 1. |
- Bednarsek, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Polar Ocean Acidification : LOSS OF RESOURCES FROM THE “OTHER” CO2 PROBLEM
- 2015
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Ingår i: Thresholds and Closing December. RISKS OF IRREVERSIBLE CRYOSPHERE CLIMATE CHANGE. The International Cryosphere Climate Initiative. ; , s. 19-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although technically not “cryosphere” (which is frozen water), the Arctic Ocean, and Southern Ocean around Antarctica make up some of the world’s richest fisheries, with diverse marine ecosystems. These cold waters are however highly vulnerable to ocean acidification from increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. We already are crossing important ocean acidification thresholds in these regions, with early impacts possibly observed on some polar ocean species. There is substantial risk that ocean acidification will damage ecosystems and weaken the food chain in these important resource waters, even should countries meet the stated 2 degree goal, which entails atmospheric CO2 levels peaking at 450ppm. However, CO2 concentrations associated with current INDCs in the 2.7–3.5 degree range are far higher still, anticipated to peak potentially above 600ppm. At such high levels, and because of the very long time scales required for acidity to decrease, there is high risk for irreversible impacts on biodiversity in the Arctic and Southern oceans, with consequences for polar and near-polar fisheries and human activities.
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| 3. |
- Boyd, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Handbook to support the SCOR Best Practice Guide for ‘Multiple Drivers’ Marine Research
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine species and ecosystems are exposed to a wide range of environmental change – both detrimental (threats) and beneficial – due to human activities. Some of the changes are global, whereas others are regional or local. It is important to distinguish the scale of each threat as the solutions will differ. For example, the mitigation of a global problem requires a global response, which is more difficult to achieve than addressing a local problem with a local response. These wide-ranging changes are often referred to drivers or stressors.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of lowered pH on marine periphyton communities
- 2011
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Ingår i: SETAC (Society of environmental Toxicology and Chemistry) Europe, 21st Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The phenomenon of Ocean Acidification has been identified as a potential threat to several marine organisms and might lead to adverse disturbances of marine ecosystems. Although the knowledge about effects of rising acidity in the oceans is increasing for some species, the knowledge of these effects on the community level of biological complexity is very scarce. Still, community-level effect indicators are needed in order to predict direct and indirect effects of Ocean Acidification on marine ecosystems. In a community the organisms live in their realized niche with important ecological interactions (e.g. competition, grazing and predation) present. This gives community approaches in ecotoxicological tests high ecological relevance. Since lowered pH might eliminate species or strains that are sensitive to such stress, and select for the ones that are more competitive under this condition, a community approach have the potential to detect any pH-induced change in community structure or function. We have used marine periphyton communities in a long-term study of effects of increased partial pressure of CO2 in the water and the accompanied lowering of pH. Periphyton was allowed to colonize and grow on glass substrata for 3.5 weeks in flow-through microcosms. The pH in the microcosms was either that of the incoming natural surface water or was manipulated by bubbling of CO2 down to approximately 7.7. We used Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) to detect effects on photosynthetic electron transport and estimate induced community tolerance to low pH. In addition, we used confocal microscopy to trace effects on biofilm architecture and biofilm thickness. We have also estimated microbial diversity and composition of trace elements in periphyton using PCR-TGGE and X-ray fluorescence respectively. First results indicate that long-term effects of lowered pH change the capacity of communities to tolerate further changes in pH, making them more sensitive to pH-stress. However, no long-term effects on photosynthetic electron transport or trace element composition was detected.
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| 6. |
- Falkenberg, Laura J., et al.
(författare)
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Climate change and the ocean
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oceans and Human Health: Opportunities and Impacts. - 9780323952279 ; , s. 265-288
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Earth's atmosphere is increasingly modified by human activities that are driving directional, sustained, and rapid global change. There will be a cascade of impacts on marine systems including sea level rise, storm events, ocean acidification, changes in salinity (primarily ocean freshening), and ocean warming and marine heatwaves. These global-scale changes will combine to impact human physical and mental health via changes to, for example, coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and resources (e.g., freshwater supplies, food security and safety, medical compounds); disease transmission via mosquito-borne diseases, naturalized organisms, fecal-oral pathways; extreme conditions such as rainfall, storm surges, and flooding; pollutants, including in the air; and human displacement and migration. The impact of these global changes will depend on the local climate, nonclimate environmental conditions, and socioeconomic contexts in which they manifest. Understanding these complexities is central to managing our ocean so that we ensure human health under a future climate.
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| 7. |
- Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Försurning i klimatförändringens spår
- 2008
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Ingår i: HAVET 2008. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket. ; , s. 27-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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