| 1. |
- Armand, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Lithium-ion batteries – Current state of the art and anticipated developments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium-ion batteries are the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage technology for mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. Accordingly, they have attracted a continuously increasing interest in academia and industry, which has led to a steady improvement in energy and power density, while the costs have decreased at even faster pace. Important questions, though, are, to which extent and how (fast) the performance can be further improved, and how the envisioned goal of truly sustainable energy storage can be realized. Herein, we combine a comprehensive review of important findings and developments in this field that have enabled their tremendous success with an overview of very recent trends concerning the active materials for the negative and positive electrode as well as the electrolyte. Moreover, we critically discuss current and anticipated electrode fabrication processes, as well as an essential prerequisite for “greener” batteries – the recycling. In each of these chapters, we eventually summarize important remaining challenges and propose potential directions for further improvement. Finally, we conclude this article with a brief summary of the performance metrics of commercial lithium-ion cells and a few thoughts towards the future development of this technology including several key performance indicators for the mid-term to long-term future.
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| 2. |
- Edström, Kristina, Professor, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of reporting methodologies - Batteries Europe
- 2021
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The launch of the Batteries Europe technology platform on June 25, 2019 established the setting for the creation of a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) on batteries. The SRA aims at providing a clear framework for European battery research and propose future actions required to continue supporting and promoting both competitiveness and sustainability in the European battery industry through research. In this context, a global knowledge and understanding of the existing battery technologies and performance is an essential requirement. However, the benchmarking and comparison of different battery technologies are greatly hampered by the lack of a common reporting methodology. To address this deficit, the WGs of the Batteries Europe, led by WG 1 “New and Emerging technologies”, have initiated the development of such common reporting methodologies guidelines. This document provides the basis for the development of homogenized performance metrics and a transparent reporting methodology, which are necessary for the reliable benchmarking of various battery chemistries. Furthermore, such performance metrics facilitates the identification of new promising materials and cell technologies whilst highlighting areas for further improvement. For a successful implementation, the suggested reporting methodology needs to be adopted by a majority of scientists and implemented in all EU funded battery-related projects for monitoring the progress beyond the state-of-the-art. In addition, the reporting guidelines could, for example, be recommended as a requirement for publications originating from the EU funding in scientific journals[1]. Editors and Board members of several high-level scientific journals are also members of several WGs within Batteries Europe. They could greatly assist in the implementation of such a recommendation. This would result in setting up the “gold standard” for scientific reports of battery chemistry developments in Europe and would set a trend for a worldwide implementation beyond Europe. Whilst this development will not have an immediate impact, it will set a best practice for results’ reporting and will reduce the occurrence of "overly optimistic" claims often occurring in the field of battery research.
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| 3. |
- Renman, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Manganese pyrosilicates as novel positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2398-4902. ; 2:5, s. 941-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A carbon-coated pyrosilicate, Na2Mn2Si2O7/C, was synthesized and characterized for use as a new positive-electrode material for sodium ion batteries. The material consists of 20-80 nm primary particles embedded in a approximate to 10 nm-thick conductive carbon matrix. Reversible insertion of Na+ ions is clearly demonstrated with approximate to 25% of its theoretical capacity (165 mA h g(-1)) being accessible at room temperature at a low cycling rate. The material yields an average potential of 3.3 V vs. Na+/Na on charge and 2.2 V on discharge. DFT calculations predict an equilibrium potential for Na2Mn2Si2O7 in the range of 2.8-3.0 V vs. Na+/Na, with a possibility of a complete flip in the connectivity of neighboring Mn-polyhedra - from edge-sharing to disconnected and vice versa. This significant rearrangement in Mn coordination (approximate to 2 angstrom) and large volume contraction (>10%) could explain our inability to fully desodiate the material, and illustrates well the need for a new electrode design strategy beyond the conventional down-sizing/coating procedure.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Rassmus, et al.
(författare)
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Micro versus Nano : Impact of Particle Size on the Flow Characteristics of Silicon Anode Slurries
- 2020
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Ingår i: ENERGY TECHNOLOGY. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2194-4288 .- 2194-4296. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon is interesting for use as a negative electrode material in Li-ion batteries due to its extremely high gravimetric capacity compared with today's state-of-the-art material, graphite. However, during cycling the Si particles suffer from large volume changes, leading to particle cracking, electrolyte decompositions, and electrode disintegration. Although utilizing nm-sized particles can mitigate some of these issues, it would instead be more cost-effective to incorporate mu m-sized silicon particles in the anode. Herein, it is shown that the size of the Si particles not only influences the electrode cycling properties but also has a decisive impact on the processing characteristics during electrode preparation. In water-based slurries and suspensions containing mu m-Si and nm-Si particles, the smaller particles consistently give higher viscosities and more pronounced viscoelastic properties, particularly at low shear rates. This difference is observed even when the Si particles are present as a minor component in blends with graphite. It is found that the viscosity follows the particle volume fraction divided by the particle radius, suggesting that it is dependent on the surface area concentration of the Si particles.
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| 5. |
- Atkins, Duncan, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerating Battery Characterization Using Neutron and Synchrotron Techniques: Toward a Multi-Modal and Multi-Scale Standardized Experimental Workflow
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6840 .- 1614-6832. ; 12:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Li-ion batteries are the essential energy-storage building blocks of modern society. However, producing ultra-high electrochemical performance in safe and sustainable batteries for example, e-mobility, and portable and stationary applications, demands overcoming major technological challenges. Materials engineering and new chemistries are key aspects to achieving this objective, intimately linked to the use of advanced characterization techniques. In particular, operando investigations are currently attracting enormous interest. Synchrotron- and neutron-based bulk techniques are increasingly employed as they provide unique insights into the chemical, morphological, and structural changes inside electrodes and electrolytes across multiple length scales with high time/spatial resolutions. However, data acquisition, data analysis, and scientific outcomes must be accelerated to increase the overall benefits to the academic and industrial communities, requiring a paradigm shift beyond traditional single-shot, sophisticated experiments. Here a multi-scale and multi-technique integrated workflow is presented to enhance bulk characterization, based on standardized and automated data acquisition and analysis for high-throughput and high-fidelity experiments, the optimization of versatile and tunable cells, as well as multi-modal correlative characterization. Furthermore, new mechanisms, methods and organizations such as artificial intelligence-aided modeling-driven strategies, coordinated beamtime allocations, and community-unified infrastructures are discussed in order to highlight perspectives in battery research at large scale facilities.
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| 6. |
- Asfaw, Habtom Desta, Dr. 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring the Microstructure and Electrochemical Performance of 3D Microbattery Electrodes Based on Carbon Foams
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Technology. - : Wiley. - 2194-4288 .- 2194-4296.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional (3D) carbon electrodes with suitable microstructural features and stable electrochemical performance are required for practical applications in 3D lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Herein, the optimization of the microstructures and electrochemical performances of carbon electrodes derived from emulsion-templated polymer foams are dealt with. Exploiting the rheological properties of the emulsion precursors, carbon foams with variable void sizes and specific surface areas are obtained. Carbon foams with an average void size of around 3.8 mu m are produced, and improvements are observed both in the coulombic efficiency and the cyclability of the carbon foam electrodes synthesized at 2200 degrees C. A stable areal capacity of up to 1.22 mAh cm(-2) (108 mAh g(-1)) is achieved at a current density of 50 mu A cm(-2). In addition, the areal capacity remains almost unaltered, i.e., 1.03 mAh cm(-2) (91 mAh g(-1)), although the cycling current density increases to 500 mu A cm(-2) indicating that the materials are promising for power demanding applications.
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| 7. |
- Pan, Ruijun, et al.
(författare)
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Double-sided conductive separators for lithium-metal batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8289 .- 2405-8297. ; 21, s. 464-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel double-sided conductive (DSC) separator consisting of two 5 μm-thick carbon nanotube (CNT)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite layers coated on each side of a 20 μm-thick glass-fiber (GF)/CNF composite membrane is described. In a lithium-metal battery (LMB), the DSC separator exhibits a high ionic conductivity (i.e. 1.7 mS cm−1 using an LP40 electrolyte) due to the high porosity (i.e. 66%) of the GF/CNF membrane. More stable Li anodes can also be realized by depositing Li within the porous electronically conducting CNT/CNF matrix at the DSC separator anode side due to the decreased current density. The CNT/CNF layer of the DSC separator facing the cathode, which is in direct electric contact with the current collector, decreases the overpotential for the cathode and consequently improves its capacity and rate performance significantly. A Li/Li cell containing a DSC separator showed an improved cycling stability compared to an analogous cell equipped with a commercial Celgard separator at current densities up to 5 mA cm−2 for Li deposition and stripping capacities up to 5 mAh cm−2. A proof-of-concept LMB containing a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) composite cathode and a DSC separator showed a significantly improved rate capability, yielding capacities of about 110 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 80 mAh g−1 at 10 C. The LMB cell containing a DSC separator also exhibited a capacity retention of 80% after 200 cycles at a rate of 6 C indicating that the two-sided conductive separator design has significant potential in facilitating the development of well-functioning LMBs.
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| 8. |
- Pan, Ruijun, et al.
(författare)
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Polydopamine-based redox-active separators for lithium-ion batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materiomics. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8478 .- 2352-8486. ; , s. 204-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be effectively increased with functionalized separators. Herein, it is demonstrated that polydopamine-based redox-active (PRA) separators can provide additional capacity to that of typical anode materials, increase the volumetric capacity of the cell, as well as, decrease the cell resistance to yield an improved performance at higher cycling rates. The PRA separators, which are composed of a 2 μm thick electrically insulating nanocellulose fiber (NCF) layer and an 18 μm thick polydopamine (PDA) and carbon nanotube (CNT) containing redox-active layer, are readily produced using a facile paper-making process. The PRA separators are also easily wettable by commonly employed electrolytes (e.g. LP40) and exhibit a high dimensional stability. In addition, the pore structure endows the PRA separator with a high ionic conductivity (i.e. 1.06 mS cm−1) that increases the rate performance of the cells. Due to the presence of the redox-active layer, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) half-cells containing PRA separator were found to exhibit significantly higher capacities than the corresponding cells containing commercial separators. These results clearly show that the implementation of this type of redox-active separators constitutes a straightforward and effective way to increase the energy and power densities of LIBs.
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| 9. |
- Pan, Ruijun, et al.
(författare)
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Sandwich-structured nano/micro fiber-based separators for lithium metal batteries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 55, s. 316-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the increased need for high-energy/power-density energy storage systems has revived the research on lithium metal batteries (LMBs), the influence of the separator on the performance of LMBs is still generally neglected. In the present study, a sandwich-structured separator (referred to as the CGC separator below) composed of two 2.5µm thick cellulose nanofiber (CNF) surface layers and an intermediate 15µm thick glass microfiber (GMF) and CNF composite layer is described. While the CNF surface layers of the CGC separator feature a homogeneous distribution of nano-sized pores favoring the attainment of a homogeneous current distribution at both electrodes, the intermediate GMF/CNF layer contains macropores facilitating the ionic transport through the separator. The CGC separator exhibited a much better electrolyte wettability and thermal stability compared to a Celgard separator, due to the use of the hydrophilic and thermally stable CNFs and GMFs. It is also shown that the combination of nano-sized and micro-sized fibers used in the CGC separator yields a higher ionic conductivity than that for the commercial separator (1.14 vs. 0.49 mS cm−1). Moreover, the influence of the separator pore structure (e.g. the porosity and pore distribution) on the performance of LMBs is studied for both Li anodes and LiFePO4 composite cathodes. The results demonstrate that the use of separators with high porosities and homogeneous surface pore distributions can improve the performances (e.g. capacities and stabilities) of LMBs considerably, and also highlights the importance of proper separator/electrode interactions. The present approach constitutes a practical engineering strategy for the production of separators with nano/micro fibers and a promising route for the development of LMBs with improved safety and enhanced electrochemical performances.
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| 10. |
- Qiu, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled crystal growth orientation and surface charge effects in self-assembled nickel oxide nanoflakes and their activity for the oxygen evolution reaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 42:47, s. 28397-28407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although sustainable hydrogen production from solar energy is a promising route for the future, the cost of the necessary photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices as well as a lack of detailed understanding and control of catalyst interfaces in nanomaterials with high catalytic activity are the largest impediments to commercial implementation. Here, we report how a higher catalytic efficiency can be achieved by utilizing an earth-abundant Nickel oxide (NiO) catalyst via an improved control of the crystalline growth orientation and self-assembly. The relationship between the surface charge and the morphology of the nano-catalysts is investigated using a hydrothermal method where the pH is utilized to control both the crystal growth direction and crystallization of Ni(OH)2 and eventually in NiO, where the self-assembly properties of nanoflakes (NFs) into hierarchical flower-like nickel oxide NFs depend on balancing of forces during synthesis. The surface charge ofthe NiO at different pH values was measured with electrophoretic dynamic light scattering (EDLS) and is known to be closely related to that of Ni(OH)2 and is here utilized to control the relative change in the surface charge in the precursor solution. By preparing NiO NFs under variation of the pH conditions of the precursor Ni(OH)2 system, the surface energies of exposed lattice planes of the growing nanostructures can be altered and an enhanced crystal growth orientation in a different direction can be controlled. Specifically, the [111] and [220] growth orientation in cubic NiO can be favored or suppressed with respect to the [200] direction. Benefiting from the large surface area provided by the mesoporous NiO NFs, the catalyst electrode exhibits high activity toward the oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline electrolyte. The NiO nanostructure synthesized at pH 10 displays oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential of 0.29 V and 0.35 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 1 mA cm2 and 10 mA cm2 current density, respectively. This is compared to commercial NiO with more than 0.15 V additional overpotential and the same or lower overpotential compared to RuO2 and IrO2 at alkaline conditions. The results show that the OER catalytic activity can be drastically increased by a detailed control of the crystal growth orientation and the self-assembly behavior where the active surface charge around the point of zero charge during synthesis of the metal hydroxides/oxides is introduced as an important design principle for producing efficient electrocatalysts.
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