| 1. |
- Eberhardson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in Crohn's disease and the effect on surgery rates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 24:4, s. 470-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Surgery is an important therapeutic option for Crohn's disease. The need for first bowel surgery seems to have decreased with the introduction of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; adalimumab or infliximab). However, the impact of TNFi on the need for intestinal surgery in Crohn's disease patients irrespective of prior bowel resection is not known. The aim of this work is to compare the incidence of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients who remain on TNFi treatment versus those who discontinue it. Method: We performed a nationwide register-based observational cohort study in Sweden of all incident and prevalent cases of Crohn's disease who started first-line TNFi treatment between 2006 and 2017. Patients were categorized according to TNFi treatment retention less than or beyond 1 year. The study cohort was evaluated with regard to incidence of bowel surgery from 12 months after the first ever TNFi dispensation. Results: We identified 5003 Crohn's disease patients with TNFi exposure: 3748 surgery naïve and 1255 with bowel surgery prior to TNFi initiation. Of these patients, 7% (n = 353) were subjected to abdominal surgery during the first 12 months after the start of TNFi and were subsequently excluded from the main analysis. A majority (62%) continued TNFi for 12 months or more. Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a significantly higher surgery rate compared with patients who continued on TNFi for 12 months or more (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.46; p = 0.002). Conclusion: Treatment with TNFi for less than 12 months was associated with a higher risk of bowel surgery in Crohn's disease patients compared with those who continued TNFi for 12 months or more.
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| 2. |
- Everhov, Åsa H., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in inflammatory bowel disease subtype during follow-up and over time in 44,302 patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 54:1, s. 55-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) register-based subtype classifications over a patient's disease course and over time.METHODS: We examined International Classification of Diseases coding in patients with ≥2 IBD diagnostic listings in the National Patient Register 2002-2014 (n = 44,302).RESULTS: 18% of the patients changed diagnosis (17% of adults, 29% of children) during a median follow-up of 3.8 years. Of visits with diagnoses of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), 97% were followed by the same diagnosis, whereas 67% of visits with diagnosis IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) were followed by another IBD-U diagnosis. Patients with any diagnostic change changed mostly once (47%) or twice (31%), 39% from UC to CD, 33% from CD to UC and 30% to or from IBD-U. Using a classification algorithm based on the first two diagnoses ('incident classification'), suited for prospective cohort studies, the proportion adult patients with CD, UC, and IBD-U 2002-2014 were 29%, 62%, and 10% (43%, 45%, and 12% in children). A classification model incorporating additional information from surgeries and giving weight to the last 5 years of visits ('prevalent classification'), suited for description of a study population at end of follow-up, classified 31% of adult cases as CD, 58% as UC and 11% as IBD-U (44%, 38%, and 18% in children).CONCLUSIONS: IBD subtype changed in 18% during follow-up. The proportion with CD increased and UC decreased from definition at start to end of follow-up. IBD-U was more common in children.
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| 3. |
- Everhov, Åsa H., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and Treatment of Patients Diagnosed With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases at 60 Years or Older in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 154:3, s. 518-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is increasing among elderly persons (60 years or older). We performed a nationwide population-based study to estimate incidence and treatment.METHODS: We identified all incident IBD cases in Sweden, from 2006 through 2013, using national registers, and up to 10 matched population comparator subjects. We collected data on the patients' health care contacts and estimated incidence rates, health service burden, pharmacologic treatments, extra-intestinal manifestations, and surgeries in relation to age of IBD onset (pediatric, less than 18 years; adults, 18-59 years; elderly, 60 years or older).RESULTS: Of 27,834 persons diagnosed with incident IBD, 6443 (23%) had a first diagnosis of IBD at 60 years or older, corresponding to an incidence rate of 35/100,000 person-years (10/100,000 person-years for Crohn's disease, 19 /100,000 person-years for ulcerative colitis, and 5/100,000 person-years for IBD unclassified). During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years (range 0-9 years), elderly patients had less IBD-specific outpatient health care but more IBD-related hospitalizations and overall health care use than adult patients with IBD. Compared to patients with pediatric or adult onset, elderly patients used fewer biologics and immunomodulators, but more systemic corticosteroids. Occurrence of extra-intestinal manifestations was similar in elderly and adult patients, but bowel surgery was more common in the elderly (13% after 5 years vs 10% in adults) (P<.001). The absolute risk of bowel surgery was higher in the elderly than in the general population, but in relative terms, the risk increase was larger in younger age groups.CONCLUSIONS: In a nationwide cohort study in Sweden, we associated diagnosis of IBD at age 60 years or older with a lower use of biologics and immunomodulators but higher absolute risk of bowel surgery, compared to diagnosis at a younger age. The large differences in pharmacological treatment of adults and elderly patients are not necessarily due to a milder course of disease and warrant further investigation.
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| 4. |
- Everhov, Åsa H., et al.
(författare)
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Probability of Stoma in Incident Patients With Crohn's Disease in Sweden 2003-2019 : A Population-based Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 28:8, s. 1160-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Surgery rates in patients with Crohn's disease have decreased during the last few decades, and use of antitumor necrosis agents (anti-TNF) has increased. Whether these changes correlate with a decreased probability of stoma is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of stoma in patients with Crohn's disease over time.METHODS: Through linkage of national registers, we identified patients who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease in 2003-2014 and were followed through 2019. We compared formation and closure of stomas over the calendar periods of diagnosis (2003-2006, 2007-2010, and 2011-2014).RESULTS: In a nationwide cohort of 18,815 incident patients with a minimum 5 years of follow-up, 652 (3.5%) underwent formation of a stoma. This was mostly performed in conjunction with ileocolic resection (39%). The 5-year cumulative incidence of stoma formation was 2.5%, with no differences between calendar periods (P = .61). Less than half of the patients (44%) had their stoma reversed. Stomas were more common in elderly-onset compared with pediatric-onset disease: 5-year cumulative incidence 3.6% vs 1.3%. Ileostomies were most common (64%), and 24.5% of the patients who underwent stoma surgery had perianal disease at end of follow-up. Within 5 years of diagnosis, 0.8% of the incident patients had a permanent stoma, and 0.05% had undergone proctectomy. The time from diagnosis to start of anti-TNF treatment decreased over calendar periods (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing use of anti-TNF and a low rate of proctectomy, the cumulative incidence of stoma formation within 5 years of Crohn's disease diagnosis has not decreased from 2003 to 2019.
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| 5. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Restorative Surgery in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Ulcerative Colitis Following a Colectomy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 24:3, s. 624-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies on surgical procedures in patients with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have mainly been restricted to single centers. The aim was to compare surgical treatment of UC with or without PSC in a nationwide study. Methods: A cohort study including all patients diagnosed with UC between 1987 and 2014 in Sweden was undertaken. The impact of PSC on the risk of colectomy, the chance of restorative surgery, and risk of failure (presence of a stoma) following restorative surgery were estimated. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression models. Results: Of 49 882 UC patients, 2079 had a PSC diagnosis at the end of follow-up. The risk of colectomy was unaffected by PSC diagnosis, whereas the chance of restorative surgery was elevated in PSC-UC patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.44). Ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) was performed in 63% of the PSC-UC patients and 43% of the non-PSC-UC-patients, and the corresponding numbers for ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) were 35% and 53%. There was no significantly increased risk of failure following restorative surgery in PSC patients (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.93-2.22). In PSC-UC patients, the cumulative failure rates following an IRA at 3 and 5 years were 15% and 18%, and following an IPAA they were 11% and 18%, respectively. Conclusions: Presence of PSC is not associated with the risk of colectomy, whereas the chance of restorative surgery in PSC-UC patients is higher than in UC alone.
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| 6. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical treatment in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease : A nationwide register-based study of 4695 incident patients in Sweden 2002-2014
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 12:2, s. 157-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: The incidence of childhood-onset (<18 years) inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide, and some studies suggest that it represents a more severe disease phenotype. Few nationwide, population-based studies have evaluated the surgical burden in patients with childhood-onset IBD, and whether the improved medical treatment has influenced the need for gastrointestinal surgery. The aim was to examine whether the surgical treatment at any age of patients with childhood-onset IBD has changed over time.Methods: In a nationwide cohort study we identified 4,695 children (<18 years) diagnosed with incident IBD in 2002-2014 through the Swedish Patient Register (ulcerative colitis: n=2,295; Crohn's disease: n=2,174; inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified: n=226). Abdominal (intestinal resections and colectomies) and perianal surgery were identified through the Swedish Patient Register. The cumulative incidences of surgeries were calculated using the Kaplan Meier method.Results: In the cohort, 44% were females and 56% males. The median age at inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis was 15 years and the maximum age at end of follow-up was 31 years. The three-year cumulative incidence of intestinal surgery was 5% in patients with ulcerative colitis and 7% in patients with Crohn's disease, and lower in children <6 years at inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis (3%) than in those aged 15-17 years at diagnosis (7%). Calendar period of inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis was not associated with risk of surgery.Conclusion: Over the last 13 years, the risk of surgery in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease has remained unchanged.
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| 7. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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The Fate of Reconstructive Surgery Following Colectomy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Sweden: A Population-based Cohort Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 10:10, s. 1165-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies describing the cumulative failure rate after reconstructive surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been restricted to specific hospitals, and the generalizability of these results in a population-based setting is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative failure rate and risk factors for failure after reconstructive surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The study cohort includes all patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Sweden who underwent colectomy in 2000 through 2013 who were later treated with reconstructive surgery with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis or ileorectal anastomosis. Each patient was followed from admission for reconstructive surgery until admission for failure (a diverting stoma or permanent stoma), date of death, migration or December 31, 2013. Cumulative failure distributions were obtained with the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate the risk of failure. Of the 1809 patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with colectomy and reconstructive surgery, 83% had ulcerative colitis. During follow-up, 270 patients failed, and the cumulative failure rate was 4.1%, 13.2%, and 15.3% after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The risk of failure was lower after treatment with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis than with ileorectal anastomosis [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.72 (0.56-0.93)]. Gender, hospital volume, and timing of reconstruction were not significantly associated with the risk of failure. The 5-year cumulative failure rate in a nationwide setting was 15.3%, and hospital volume was not associated with the risk of failure.
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