| 1. |
- Fan, Bo-Guang, et al.
(författare)
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Total parenteral nutrition influences both endocrine and exocrine function of rat pancreas
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - 0885-3177. ; 15:2, s. 147-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the endocrine and exocine function of the pancreas. Endocrine function was investigated using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT) in rats with TPN for 7 or 14 days. Exocrine function was evaluated by measuring amylase secretion from isolated acini as well as pancreatic weight, water content, protein, and enzymes after 7 days of TPN. When the TPN rats were compared with the controls, the glucose tolerance curve after an IGTT was unchanged, the basal plasma insulin levels were slightly lower and the insulin secretory response to intravenous glucose was markedly impaired. No differences could be seen between the insulin response after 7 days and that after 14 days of TPN. The weight of pancreas, the total content and concentration of pancreatic protein, and the total amylase content of the pancreas were lower, whereas the total content of both chymotrypsin and trypsin was higher. The concentration of DNA remained intact, whereas the total DNA content decreased. The levels of lipolytic enzymes, except for carboxylesterlipase, were unaffected. After TPN treatment, the insulin secretory response to glucose is impaired, the exocrine pancreas is hypoplastic and the storage pattern of pancreatic exocrine enzymes is altered.
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| 2. |
- Roth, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical and ultra-structural reactions to parenteral nutrition with two different fat emulsions in rats
- 1998
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 24:7, s. 716-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects on fat metabolism and Kupffer cell morphology by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with two different fat emulsions. DESIGN: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into three groups, were investigated. Rats fed orally were used as a reference group, and a group of rats receiving TPN with fat emulsions containing pure long-chain triglycerides (LCT) was compared to a group of rats receiving fat emulsions containing both long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT). The TPN regimens were equicaloric and administered continuously via a jugular catheter for 10 days. INTERVENTIONS: After suffocation, blood of the rats was collected for the determination of serum lipids. Epididymal fat and heart were collected for the analysis of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities, and liver specimens were saved for analyses of hepatic triglyceride concentration, as well as activities of hepatic lipase (HL) and lysosomal enzymes. Light and electron microscopy were used for examination of the Kupffer cell reaction. RESULTS: Directly after termination of parenteral feeding, the levels of serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides were higher in the MCT/LCT group than in the LCT group, while no differences concerning cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were found. No significant difference in liver steatosis was found between the two TPN groups. Comparison of the TPN groups showed that the MCT/ LCT group had significantly decreased LPL activity in adipose tissue, while the LCT group had significantly increased LPL activity in the heart. The activity of HL was low in both groups, but significantly lower in the LCT group. Lipid accumulation and an increased number of lysosomes were found in all Kupffer cell when TPN with LCTemulsions was used. Moreover, TPN induced a pronounced increase in various liver lysosomal enzyme activities, but there was no notable difference between LCT and MCT/LCT effects. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to treatment with pure LCTemulsions, treatment with MCT/LCT emulsions evoked weaker biochemical reactions in terms of lower activity of lipoprotein lipase in fat and heart together with higher serum and HDL triglyceride levels. Morphological signs of increased Kupffer cell activity such as the appearance of multiple lysosomes and fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm followed treatment with pure LCT emulsions. However, both TPN groups showed a marked increase in activities of liver lysosomal enzymes.
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