| 1. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 2. |
- Wöhri, Annemarie, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Light-Induced Structural Changes in a Photosynthetic Reaction Center Caught by Laue Diffraction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 328:5978, s. 630-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photosynthetic reaction centers convert the energy content of light into a transmembrane potential difference and so provide the major pathway for energy input into the biosphere. We applied time-resolved Laue diffraction to study light-induced conformational changes in the photosynthetic reaction center complex of Blastochloris viridis. The side chain of TyrL162, which lies adjacent to the special pair of bacteriochlorophyll molecules that are photooxidized in the primary light conversion event of photosynthesis, was observed to move 1.3 angstroms closer to the special pair after photoactivation. Free energy calculations suggest that this movement results from the deprotonation of this conserved tyrosine residue and provides a mechanism for stabilizing the primary charge separation reactions of photosynthesis.
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| 3. |
- Banuazizi, Seyed Amir Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Order of magnitude improvement of nano-contact spin torque nano-oscillator performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 9:5, s. 1896-1900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNO) represent a unique class of nano-scale microwave signal generators and offer a combination of intriguing properties, such as nano sized footprint, ultrafast modulation rates, and highly tunable microwave frequencies from 100 MHz to close to 100 GHz. However, their low output power and relatively high threshold current still limit their applicability and must be improved. In this study, we investigate the influence of the bottom Cu electrode thickness (t(Cu)) in nano-contact STNOs based on Co/Cu/NiFe GMR stacks and with nano-contact diameters ranging from 60 to 500 nm. Increasing t(Cu) from 10 to 70 nm results in a 40% reduction of the threshold current, an order of magnitude higher microwave output power, and close to two orders of magnitude better power conversion efficiency. Numerical simulations of the current distribution suggest that these dramatic improvements originate from a strongly reduced lateral current spread in the magneto-dynamically active region.
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| 4. |
- Bourquin, V., et al.
(författare)
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Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases have a function during the formation of secondary cell walls of vascular tissues
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 14:12, s. 3073-3088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xyloglucan transglycosylases (XETs) have been implicated in many aspects of cell wall biosynthesis, but their function in vascular tissues, in general, and in the formation of secondary walls, in particular, is less well understood. Using an in situ XET activity assay in poplar stems, we have demonstrated XET activity in xylem and phloem fibers at the stage of secondary wall formation. Immunolocalization of fucosylated xylogucan with CCRC-M1 antibodies showed that levels of this species increased at the border between the primary and secondary wall layers at the time of secondary wall deposition. Furthermore, one of the most abundant XET isoforms in secondary vascular tissues (PttXET16A) was cloned and immunolocalized to fibers at the stage of secondary wall formation. Together, these data strongly suggest that XET has a previously unreported role in restructuring primary walls at the time when secondary wall layers are deposited, probably creating and reinforcing the connections between the primary and secondary wall layers. We also observed that xylogucan is incorporated at a high level in the inner layer of nacreous walls of mature sieve tube elements.
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| 5. |
- Hamsten, C., et al.
(författare)
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Protein profiles of CCL5, HPGDS, and NPSR1 in plasma reveal association with childhood asthma
- 2016
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 71:9, s. 1357-1361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a common chronic childhood disease with many different phenotypes that need to be identified. We analyzed a broad range of plasma proteins in children with well-characterized asthma phenotypes to identify potential markers of childhood asthma. Using an affinity proteomics approach, plasma levels of 362 proteins covered by antibodies from the Human Protein Atlas were investigated in a total of 154 children with persistent or intermittent asthma and controls. After screening, chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) and neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) were selected for further investigation. Significantly lower levels of both CCL5 and HPGDS were found in children with persistent asthma, while NPSR1 was found at higher levels in children with mild intermittent asthma compared to healthy controls. In addition, the protein levels were investigated in another respiratory disease, sarcoidosis, showing significantly higher NPSR1 levels in sera from sarcoidosis patients compared to healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining of healthy tissues revealed high cytoplasmic expression of HPGDS in mast cells, present in stroma of both airway epithelia, lung as well as in other organs. High expression of NPSR1 was observed in neuroendocrine tissues, while no expression was observed in airway epithelia or lung. In conclusion, we have utilized a broad-scaled affinity proteomics approach to identify three proteins with altered plasma levels in asthmatic children, representing one of the first evaluations of HPGDS and NPSR1 protein levels in plasma.
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| 6. |
- Mohseni, Seyed Majid, et al.
(författare)
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Spin Torque-Generated Magnetic Droplet Solitons
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 339:6125, s. 1295-1298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissipative solitons have been reported in a wide range of nonlinear systems, but the observation of their magnetic analog has been experimentally challenging. Using spin transfer torque underneath a nanocontact on a magnetic thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), we have observed the generation of dissipative magnetic droplet solitons and report on their rich dynamical properties. Micromagnetic simulations identify a wide range of automodulation frequencies, including droplet oscillatory motion, droplet "spinning," and droplet "breather" states. The droplet can be controlled by using both current and magnetic fields and is expected to have applications in spintronics, magnonics, and PMA-based domain-wall devices.
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| 7. |
- Samuelsson, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Mixing and blending syntactic and semantic dependencies
- 2008
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Ingår i: CoNLL - Proc. Twelfth Conf. Comput. Nat. Lang. Learn.. - Manchester, UK : Coling 2008 Organizing Committee. - 1905593481 - 9781905593484 ; , s. 248-252, s. 248-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our system for the CoNLL 2008 shared task uses a set of individual parsers, a set of stand-alone semantic role labellers, and a joint system for parsing and semantic role labelling, all blended together. The system achieved a macro averaged labelled F 1- score of 79.79 (WSJ 80.92, Brown 70.49) for the overall task. The labelled attachment score for syntactic dependencies was 86.63 (WSJ 87.36, Brown 80.77) and the labelled F 1-score for semantic dependencies was 72.94 (WSJ 74.47, Brown 60.18).
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| 8. |
- Thunberg, Sarah, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Allergen provocation increases TH2-cytokines and FOXP3 expression in the asthmatic lung
- 2010
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 65:3, s. 311-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Background: Allergic asthma is caused by allergen-specific IgE and T-helper cell (Th) type 2 responses towards airborne allergens. The objective of this study was to investigate local and systemic regulatory mechanisms in the early asthmatic response to bronchial allergen provocation. Methods: Birch pollen-allergic patients with mild asthma (n = 13) and healthy nonallergic controls (n = 14) were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood sampling. On patients BAL was performed twice: without preceding provocation (’before samples’) and 24 h after bronchial provocation with birch pollen allergen. Lymphocytes in BAL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were phenotyped by multi-colour flow cytometry and cytokines measured by cytometric bead array. Proliferation and secreted cytokines were analysed in allergen-stimulated PBMCs, CD25+ depleted PBMCs and PBMCs with IL-10 neutralizing antibodies. Results: The numbers of CD69+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes were higher in BAL after compared with before allergen provocation in asthmatic patients. Moreover, allergen provocation increased expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25bright cells. The cytokine profile in BAL fluid from asthmatics revealed higher levels of IL-5, compared with the controls, and an increase in IL-5, IL-6, IL-9 and IL-10 after allergen provocation. Pollen allergen stimulated PBMC cultures from asthmatic patients produced elevated levels of IL-5 and IL-13 compared with the controls, which were not affected by depletion of CD25+ cells or IL-10 neutralization. Conclusion: Despite an increase in CD4+CD25bright cells expressing high levels of FOXP3 in response to bronchial allergen provocation, asthmatic patients exhibit enhanced levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung, which may indicate an inability among infiltrating cells to suppress Th2 responses.
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| 9. |
- Ahl, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing formal and informal success factors perceived by supply chain stakeholders : A study of woody biomass energy systems in Japan
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 175, s. 50-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale woody biomass energy systems have an inherent ability to aid in emissions reduction while stimulating local economies and, as collective energy systems, are strongly connected to supply chain design based on local conditions and stakeholder integration. Despite an abundance of forest area alongside the promotion of biomass in energy policies, however, woody biomass utilization still remains low in Japan. The woody biomass supply chain, considered as a socio-technical system, involves a complex, cross-sectoral stakeholder network in which inter-organizational dynamics necessitates well-organized management based on an understanding of formal factors such as technology, as well as informal factors such as social relations and culture. In this paper, success factor perceptions from across the woody biomass supply chain are investigated based on semi-structured interviews with four stakeholders in the Kyushu region of Japan. Identified success factors here are: 1) respect of values & traditions, 2) transportation infrastructure, 3) business model integration, 4) relationship & trust, 5) local vitalization and 6) biomass quality control. A convergence as well as divergence of perceptions are observed, involving both formal and informal dimensions. Aiming to balance perceptions and to enable long-term success of woody biomass in Japan, a series of policy implications are drawn, including cross-ministerial integration, knowledge building on wood logistics, forest certification, local coordinators, biomass quality control standards and a feed-in-tariff for heat. This paper suggests a new arena of policy-making based on the importance of considering both informal and formal dimensions in energy policy.
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| 10. |
- Banuazizi, Seyed Amir Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Control of thermal budget in nanocontact spin-torque nano-oscillators
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate the influence of the bottom Cu electrode thickness (tCu) in nanocontact spin-torque nano-oscillators (NC-STNOs) based on Si/SiO2/Pd(8)/Cu(tCu)/Co(8)/Cu(7)/NiFe(4.5)/Cu(3)/Pd(3) GMR stacks on the thermal budget of the magnetodynamically active region. Increasing tCu from 10 to 70 nm results in a ~50% reduction in Joule heating in both the Co and NiFe layers, which directly improves the microwave output stability and linewidth. Numerical simulations of the NC-STNO current distribution suggest that this improvement originates from a strongly reduced lateral current spread in the top ferromagnetic layer and a reduction in the device's resistance.
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