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- Christensen, Martin, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Sculpting with SARA (Spatial Augmented Reality Assistance)
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We explored how spatial augmented reality can assist sculpting in the physicalspace based on a digital 3D-model. As a result of our findings we propose asetup of software and hardware as well as methods to use these (SARA), thatcan visually guide an artist in the work of manual transfer of digital to physicalthree-dimensional form. As a tool SARA could be used much more loosely; therelationship between a digital 3D sketch and a finished sculpture canconceptually be thought of as similar to a rough underdrawing and a finished oilpainting. In this case, the 3d sketch is there as an initial idea and a guide, but notas a ground truth. Beyond the scope of this project, SARA could be furtherexplored in relation to artistic questions. In practical terms, SARA works in thefollowing way: The colors projected during sculpting indicate how much thedistance deviates from the digital sketch in relation to the projector. The colorsare updated in real-time, as a 3D depth camera is continuously scanning theworking space.
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| 2. |
- Martin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Industrial Symbiosis Synergies : Application in the Biofuels Industry
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Much of the current literature available in the field of industrial symbiosis aims at providing a review of the symbiotic intensity, institutional and environmental contexts and assessments of the activities involved in a synoptic manner. However, literature regarding classification methods for individual material and energy exchanges is limited. In order to obtain better resolution of the characteristics of exchanges and interactions, i.e. synergies, a classification method is produced and tested in this paper. The classification method maps the interactions between different industries as well as the flows of products and utilities through origindestination classifications. Synergies between a core industry and external industries are examined in this paper, with the core industry represented by the biofuels industry, and without geographical boundaries. The classification method can be employed in other research projects and it is hoped that it will provide the background for further studies into conditions necessary for synergy implementation. Furthermore the classification method will provide subsequent details for research into economic and environmental benefits provided by synergies between industries.
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| 7. |
- Halim, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of Two-Dimensional Titanium Metal Carbides (MXenes)
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Herein, we report X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis for cold pressed exfoliated 2D nanocrystals of transition metal carbides, MXenes. MXenes are a recently discovered family of 2D materials produced by selective chemical etching of the A element from MAX phases which are ternary metal carbides and nitrides. The latter has the formula of Mn+1AXn, where M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element, and X is C and/or N. This study is a comparison between two MXenes, Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx, where Tx stands for surface termination groups such as –O, –OH, and –F. Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx were prepared by immersion of Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC powders in 50% conc. HF. A thorough XPS analysis was performed through peak fitting of high resolution XPS spectra and valence band, VB, spectra analysis. The effect of Ar sputtering as well as the number of layers n was the primarily interest of this study. According to the peak fitting analysis, both phases contain the following species, Ti–C, C–C, Ti–F, Ti–O and Ti–OH resulting in the following chemical formulas: Ti3C2(OH)x(O)y(F)z and Ti2C(OH)x(O)y(F)z. Comparing the VB spectra with the DOS calculations show the valance band spectra is actually a mixture of MXene with various terminations of OH, O and F. Before Ar+ sputtering both phases show a large percentage of fluorinated-TiO2 which is due to MXene surface oxidation as well as CHx, C-O and COO groups arising from either surface contaminations or due to drying the etched powders in ethanol after washing the powder of the HF acid. According to the VB spectra, it is shown that the fluorinated TiO2 is actually a mixture of anatase and rutile. The number of layers, n, also plays a role; the lower n, the more the MXene is prone to oxidation.
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| 8. |
- Laszlo, Sofia, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Initial tendon retraction is Associated with muscle degeneration after nonoperatively treated proximal hamstring avulsions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and purposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for diagnosing proximal hamstring avulsions (PHA), assessing the number of ruptured tendons, and their degree of retraction. Alongside clinical findings and patient characteristics, MRI findings guide surgeons in treatment decisions. However, the importance of pre-treatment MRI findings for radiological and clinical outcomes remains unclear.MethodsThis study is a post hoc analysis of nonoperatively treated patients (n=95) from the Proximal Hamstring Avulsion Clinical Trial (PHACT). Diagnostic MRIs were reassessed for tendon retraction, Wood classification, number of tendons avulsed, and hematoma size. The primary outcome was muscle degeneration, defined by the loss of lean muscle volume (LMV) and an increase in muscle fat fraction (MFF) on MRI at 24 months. The secondary outcome was maximum hamstring muscle isometric force (Newton, N) at 24 months. Outcome data was expressed as the limb symmetry index (LSI) which was the measurement of the injured hamstring expressed as a percentage of measurement of the uninjured hamstring. The association between measurements on the diagnostic MRIs and LSIs for LMV, MFF, and maximum isometric force was analyzed using linear regression.ResultsThe median LSIs of the LMV, MFF and maximum strength were 78.3%, 139%, and 84%, respectively, at the 24 month follow-up. A multivariate linear regression model including tendon retraction, age, sex, hematoma size and whether the dominant limb was injured explained 47 %, 47% and 21% of the variance in the LSIs of LMV, MFF and maximum force, respectively. Tendon retraction was the strongest explanatory factor for the variance of muscle degeneration observed in patients with nonoperatively treated PHA. InterpretationGreater initial tendon retraction is associated with increased muscle atrophy and fat infiltration in the hamstring muscles in patients with PHA.
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| 10. |
- Martin, Michael, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the Environmental Performance of Biofuels with Industrial Symbiosis
- 2009
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the production of biofuels for transport many critics have argued about the poor energy efficiency and environmental performance of the production industries. Optimism is thus set on the production of second generation biofuels, while first generation biofuels continue to dominate worldwide. Therefore it is interesting to consider how the environmental performance of first generation biofuel industries can be bettered. The field of industrial symbiosis offers many possibilities for potential improvements in the biofuel industry. It is shown in this research that integration between the respective biofuel industries is possible. This comes in the form of by-product synergies and utility synergies which can improve material and energy handling and environmental performance of the processes. Furthermore, the processes and products can gain increased environmental performance improvements by the adaption of a renewable energy system which will act as a utility provider for many industries in a symbiotic network. By-products may thereafter be upcycled through biogas production processes to generate both energy and a bio-fertilizer. A case study of an actual biofuel industrial symbiosis is also reviewed to provide support for these theories.
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