| 1. |
- Ekman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Designing a process for a monopoly to transform to a free market competitor -the swedish pharmacy system
- 2011
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Ingår i: ICED 11 - 18th International Conference on Engineering Design - Impacting Society Through Engineering Design. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 153-163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to discuss how a political driven transition of a large company, Apoteket AB in Sweden with 12,000 employees - the pharmacy state monopoly - can be designed and managed to become a free market competitive player. The reregulation process, with a great variety of stakeholders involved, has since 2006 been followed, documented and analyzed. In the domain of pharmacy products and services - essential for health and well-being - a design and innovation process must be handled with care for balancing pharmaceutical and business strategies. The research contribution and expected learning outcome of this paper are to give insights; first on processes and methods for organizational designs and transformation; second to get experience from designing and implementing a management strategy to lead the reregulation to success; and third to get knowledge on how traditional professional roles can be changed and developed by designing a process with clear goals, conscious learning and a communicative strategy. Copyright © 2002-2012 The Design Society. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ekman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Tool qualification for safety related systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ada User Journal. - 1381-6551. ; 35, s. 47-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tools used in the development of safety related software applications need to be qualified as safe. That is, the tools cannot be allowed to introduce hazardous faults into the application, e.g., a compiler shall not generate dangerous code due to failure of the compiler. In many cases laws and regulations require the product development of safety related applications to comply with industry sector specific safety standards. Examples of such standards include EN50129/50128 for railway applications, ISO/EN13849 for machines with moving parts, DO-178B/C for avionics, or IS026262 for cars. These standards require the use of a rigorous development and maintenance process. The standards are also mainly intended to be used when developing systems from scratch. However, most development and test tools are not developed from scratch according to the rigorous processes of these standards. In order to address this issue, some of the standards provide means for qualifying existing tools as a more lightweight and pragmatic alternative to a regular certification process. In this paper we analyze the concept of these qualification approaches. The result of the analysis in our contribution includes a set of approaches that can be applied individually or as a combination in order to reduce the effort needed for qualifying tools. As a running example we use one of the most flexible but at the same time dangerous, even prohibited, maintenance techniques available: dynamic instrumentation of executing code. With this example, we describe how exceptions in these standards can be utilized in order to qualify a dynamic instrumentation tool with a minimal effort, without following the process of tool certification as defined by the standards.
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| 4. |
- Ekman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Developing smart commercial real estate : Technology-based self-service (TBSS) in commercial real estate facilities
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE 2nd International Smart Cities Conference. - 9781509018451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real estate companies are central actors in the development of a smart city. However, most industry participants are conservative and prefer to utilize established, often unintegrated, technologies rather than deploy newer technologies that would help achieve the goals of the smart city. To evaluate the potential of smart commercial real-estate (CRE) we studied a Swedish commercial real estate firm that has developed and deployed a technology-based self-service (TBSS) to help tenants reduce energy consumption. The study was grounded in the theoretical service-dominant (S-D) logic lexicon and our results suggest that for commercial real estate firms to successfully implement TBSS they need to enhance their competence in three areas: management of information technology, withinorganization and business-to-business networking skills. Further, these areas are inter-related and successful deployment of TBSS requires improvement in all three areas.
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| 5. |
- Ekman, Peter, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Technology-Based Self-Service (TBSS) Innovations in B2B Settings : An Abstract
- 2018
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Ingår i: Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 215-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary services innovations regularly come embedded in both information technology (IT) and organizational arrangements. (Ostrom et al., 2015, page 127) capture this current trend: “The context in which service is delivered and experienced has, in many respects, fundamentally changed. Advances in technology, especially information technology, are leading to a proliferation of revolutionary services and changing how customers serve themselves before, during, and after purchase.” Research that especially focuses on the integration of technology in the service system has been labeled self-service technology (SST) and technology-based self-service (TBSS). Breidback et al. (2012) did further add that most services will be a mix of technology and human-based interaction, what they label “technology-enabled value co-creation.” Following this research stream, less high-tech and service-oriented companies will meet challenges when introducing innovative services given that these services both require technical know-how and a market-oriented mindset. By acknowledging the socio-technical and social-material aspects of current service innovation, it is possible to unbundle activities from the physical restraints and open up innovation opportunities, facilitating a more customized rebundling of the service innovation to facilitate enhanced customer value. The vast majority of TBSS studies have focused on consumer markets which partly can be explained by the fact that business-to-business (B2B) companies have been late adopters. The main reason can be that B2B markets to a higher degree are few-to-few rather than many-to-many markets, the substantial cost of partner specific investments, as well as the overall complex linkages and process in B2B relationships. While prior studies have seen TBSS as an addition in firms’ value proposition portfolio, this study puts an emphasis on considering the TBSS as an innovation in a conservative B2B market context. It adopts a service-dominant (S-D) logic perspective on innovation and puts forth the research questions: (a) What capabilities do firms need when developing TBSS innovations and (b) what sort of institutional work they engage in. The study is carried out as an explorative and longitudinal field study of Humlegården Fastigheter AB (a real estate firm that only have commercial tenants and that introduced a TBSS in 2012) and its suppliers and customers. Humlegården Fastigheter AB is a “Prime Mover” as they developed a TBSS in the real estate and facility industry where new services are rare. The results show how such firms will need to acquire and develop several capacities when striving for new value propositions. The study offers an emergent theory on how a TBSS innovation engages actors in the service ecosystem and pinpoints the forms of institutional work a focal actor needs to carry out to change the service ecosystem’s actors’ cognitive framework, current norms, as well as comply with regulations.
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| 7. |
- Mazaheri, Monir, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of living with dementia in Iran : qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 22:21-22, s. 3032-3041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To describe people's experiences of living with dementia in Iran. Background: A knowledge gap exists regarding the experiences of living with dementia in nonWestern contexts. This gap may be especially apparent within the Iranian context, where dementia research is relatively new. Deeper understanding about context-related experiences of dementia is a prerequisite for nurses' ability to provide adequate and meaningful care. Design: Qualitative, cross-sectional design. Methods: Qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with people living with dementia inurban Iran (six women and nine men; 60-87 years old). Results: The participants experienced their condition as a state of forgetfulness that was accompanied by losses and dependency on others. They wanted to feel good about themselves and feel important, but they continually struggled with matters such as a loss of accountability, feelings of futility and the frustration of others. Economic dependency and a lack of economic resources were sources of feelings of futility. Conclusion: Experiences of living with dementia in Iran included a substantial struggle to stay connected to the social world and to deal with dramatic life changes, aspects of living with dementia that seem to be universal. However, the feelings of financial burden and the experience of being nagged for their shortfalls by family members have seldom been described in other studies and seem to represent a cultural aspect of their experience. Relevance to clinical practice: The results of the study call for further nursing efforts insupporting people living with dementia in their struggle with their altered lives and in retaining their connections to everyday life. Furthermore, their family members might benefit from specific nursing interventions including information about dementia and advice on how to help the family members with dementia to interact with others while exercising their individual strengths.
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| 8. |
- Raggio, R. D., et al.
(författare)
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Making energy metrics relevant to service firms : from energy conservation to energy productivity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although energy conservation and reduction in environmental impact are on the international and most national agendas, service firms rarely include energy consumption metrics in their strategic decision-making. One reason for the omission is that for service industries, firm level energy utilization is most commonly measured in kilowatt hours per square meter of office space where changes often related to the space rather than the firm performance. The measure also presents several problems for firms in service industries. First, energy conservation and reduction may be counterproductive for service firms that are growing and require energy to sustain that growth. Second, it may not relate to national and international goals which are often focused on the amount of carbon dioxide produced generating energy than the total amount of energy consumed. Third, it treats energy as a utility rather than a resource in firms’ value creation. Results from a field study focused on service firms in Sweden suggests that focusing on energy productivity overcomes the limitations of existing measures and produces positive results. By conceptualizing energy productivity as output per unit of energy, we create a conservation metric that enables service firms to measure their contributions to energy consumption relative to national economic growth. As a result, energy productivity aligns the interests of service organizations with those of policy makers and conservationists.
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| 9. |
- Thompson, S., et al.
(författare)
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DeSET : Digital Energy Services and Ecosystem Transformation
- 2023
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Ingår i: 29th Annual Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2023. - : Association for Information Systems. - 9781713893592
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this emerging research paper, we introduce a project exploring the role of a commercial real estate property company called Mestro on enhancing the efforts of its clients to provide environmentally sustainable venues for their clients who also value environmentally sustainable business practices. Mestro provides real time energy usage and advanced reporting systems that enables commercial property owners to optimize tenant energy consumption. Through the lens of service dominant logic, we will perform a multiple case-based study to understand how Mestro, in collaboration with its commercial property clients and their tenants, creates an ecosystem where all parties co-create value for each other. In addition to the case studies, we will analyze actual energy consumption based on real data provided by the participating commercial property companies on tenant energy usage.
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| 10. |
- Thompson, S., et al.
(författare)
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The green fingerprint : Decreasing energy consumption with decision support systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2015. - 9780996683104
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable business development is a challenge that requires both organizational change and changes to individual behavior. We report on the design and implementation of an app-based decision support system designed to promote environmentally responsible behavior among individuals in a B2B setting. The app, known as the "Green Fingerprint" was designed in collaboration with a commercial real estate firm and subsequently deployed in several tenant sites in the greater Stockholm area. We measured energy productivity defined as revenue in Swedish Kronor/kilowatt hours of electricity consumption. Over a two year period participating firms were able to significantly increase energy productivity by as much as much as 100% as a result of direct feedback and adopting conservation techniques recommended by the system. Increased energy productivity resulted in annual energy costs that were substantially less than if energy productivity had not increased.
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