| 1. |
- Ebbesson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Daily endocrine profiles in parr and smolt Atlantic salmon.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. - : Elsevier BV. - 1531-4332 .- 1095-6433. ; 151, s. 698-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate possible mechanisms behind the endocrine control of parr-smolt transformation, the daily plasma profiles in thyroid hormones (TH; free thyroxine (FT(4)), total thyroxine (TT(4)), and total 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (TT(3))), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol were studied in Atlantic salmon parr and smolts under simulated-natural winter (8 L:16D) and spring (16.5 L:7.5D) photoperiods, respectively. Overall, TT(4), TT(3) and GH levels were higher in smolts than in parr, whereas FT(4) levels fluctuated within the same range in parr and smolts. Significant diurnal changes in plasma TH were present in parr. Both FT(4) and TT(4) levels increased during the photophase and decreased during the scotophase, while TT(3) levels followed an inverse pattern. Growth hormone showed no significant changes in parr. Changes in FT(4), TT(4), GH, and cortisol, but not TT(3), levels, were observed in smolts with peak levels during both the photophase and scotophase for FT(4), TT(4) and GH. Plasma cortisol was not assayed in parr but in smolts the peaks were associated with dusk and dawn. In addition to the general increases in TH, GH and cortisol, the distinct endocrine differences in nighttime levels between parr in the winter and smolts in the spring suggest different interactions between TH, GH, cortisol and melatonin at these different time points. These spring scotophase endocrine profiles may represent synergistic hormone interactions that promote smolt development, similar to the synergistic endocrine interactions shown to accelerate anuran metamorphosis. The variations in these diurnal rhythms between parr and smolts may represent part of the endocrine mechanism for the translation of seasonal information during salmon smoltification.
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| 2. |
- McGinn, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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New Technologies for DNA analysis-A review of the READNA Project.
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-4347 .- 1871-6784.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The REvolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis (READNA) project received funding from the European Commission for 4 1/2 years. The objectives of the project revolved around technological developments in nucleic acid analysis. The project partners have discovered, created and developed a huge body of insights into nucleic acid analysis, ranging from improvements and implementation of current technologies to the most promising sequencing technologies that constitute a 3(rd) and 4(th) generation of sequencing methods with nanopores and in situ sequencing, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Ebbesson, Lars O.E., et al.
(författare)
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Free plasma thyroxine levels in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, during parr-smolt transformation : Comparison with total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, and growth hormone levels
- 2000
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Ingår i: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. - 0920-1742. ; 22:1, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free plasma thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, during parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) using an equilibrium dialysis system followed by a radioimmunoassay. The FT4 data were correlated to total plasma thyroxine (TT4), triiodothyronine (TT3), and growth hormone (GH). Plasma samples were taken weekly from early April to late May, when the salmon where released from the hatchery. Free thyroxine and GH levels increased gradually through smoltification. TT4 levels increased significantly in mid-April and in mid-May. TT3 levels increased in April and remained elevated until late-May after which they declined to the lowest levels. During the first increase in TT4 levels, FT4 levels remained low and TT3 levels did not increase until FT4 levels increased in late-April. In addition, after TT4 levels decreased in late May, FT4 levels remained elevated. These data show that there are differences between the plasma FT4 and TT4 profiles during smoltification. Nevertheless, regression analysis indicates that FT4 levels are highly correlated to the increases in the levels of GH (r=0.73) and TT4 (r=0.70). In addition, GH is less correlated to TT4 and TT3 (r = 0.24 and r = -0.46, respectively) compared with FT4 (r = 0.73), suggesting a close relationship between the increases of FT4 and GH. In addition, these data suggest that this method of measuring free plasma thyroxine may provide a new tool for studying the timing of thyroid hormone action and regulation during parr-smolt transformation in salmonids.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Absolute lung size and the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plos One. - San Francisco, USA : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Breathlessness is associated with major adverse health outcomes and is twice as common in women as men in the general population. We evaluated whether this is related to their lower absolute lung volumes. Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot, including static spirometry and diffusing capacity (n = 1,013; 49% women). Breathlessness was measured using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression adjusting for age, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, chronic airway limitation, asthma, chronic bronchitis, depression and anxiety in all models. Breathlessness was twice as common in women as in men; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-3.66). Lower absolute lung volumes were associated with increased breathlessness prevalence in both men and women. The sex difference in breathlessness was unchanged when adjusting for lung function in %predicted, but disappeared when controlling for absolute values of total lung capacity (OR 1.12; 0.59-2.15), inspiratory capacity (OR 1.26; 0.68-2.35), forced vital capacity (OR 0.84; 0.42-1.66), forced expiratory volume in one second (OR 0.70; 0.36-1.35) or lung diffusing capacity (OR 1.07; 0.58-1.97). In the general population, the markedly higher prevalence of breathlessness in women is related to their smaller absolute lung volumes.
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| 5. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Oxygen Therapy for 24 or 15 Hours per Day in Severe Hypoxemia
- 2024
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Long-term oxygen supplementation for at least 15 hours per day prolongs survival among patients with severe hypoxemia. On the basis of a nonrandomized comparison, long-term oxygen therapy has been recommended to be used for 24 hours per day, a more burdensome regimen.METHODS: To test the hypothesis that long-term oxygen therapy used for 24 hours per day does not result in a lower risk of hospitalization or death at 1 year than therapy for 15 hours per day, we conducted a multicenter, registry-based, randomized, controlled trial involving patients who were starting oxygen therapy for chronic, severe hypoxemia at rest. The patients were randomly assigned to receive long-term oxygen therapy for 24 or 15 hours per day. The primary outcome, assessed in a time-to-event analysis, was a composite of hospitalization or death from any cause within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome assessed at 3 and 12 months.RESULTS: Between May 18, 2018, and April 4, 2022, a total of 241 patients were randomly assigned to receive long-term oxygen therapy for 24 hours per day (117 patients) or 15 hours per day (124 patients). No patient was lost to follow-up. At 12 months, the median patient-reported daily duration of oxygen therapy was 24.0 hours (interquartile range, 21.0 to 24.0) in the 24-hour group and 15.0 hours (interquartile range, 15.0 to 16.0) in the 15-hour group. The risk of hospitalization or death within 1 year in the 24-hour group was not lower than that in the 15-hour group (mean rate, 124.7 and 124.5 events per 100 person-years, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.36; 90% CI, 0.76 to 1.29; P = 0.007 for nonsuperiority). The groups did not differ substantially in the incidence of hospitalization for any cause, death from any cause, or adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with severe hypoxemia, long-term oxygen therapy used for 24 hours per day did not result in a lower risk of hospitalization or death within 1 year than therapy for 15 hours per day. (Funded by the Crafoord Foundation and others; REDOX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03441204.).
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Meaning of Home and Housing-Related Control Beliefs with Changes in Symptoms and Quality of Life : A Prospective Study Among Younger-Old Adults in Sweden
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Environment. - 2689-2618. ; , s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feeling in control of one’s environment and perceiving one’s home as meaningful have been found to be associated with health and well-being among older adults. As longitudinal studies of younger-old adults are lacking, this study aimed to investigate whether this association exists over time among older adults around retirement age. Longitudinal data from a random cohort of community-dwelling older adults, ages 65–76 years (N = 329), was collected from 2010 to 2016. The Meaning of Home questionnaire and the Housing-Related Control Beliefs questionnaire assessed perceived housing. Outcomes were change scores from a symptom checklist and the Short-Form 12, analyzed by stepwise general linear regression. Housing-related control beliefs were not significantly associated with changes in quality of life. Meaning of home was significantly associated with changes in gastrointestinal (B = 0.039, p = 0.031) and metabolism (B = 0.084, p < 0.000) symptoms. However, there were inconsistencies among the subscales of the instrument, as some were negatively associated and others were positively associated with the changes. The findings suggest that the perceived home environment does not prevent symptoms or maintain or improve quality of life among older adults around retirement age. This finding is of importance to further develop theoretical understandings of the environments’ role in healthy aging.
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| 7. |
- Graminius, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Library and Information Studies. - 2597-0593. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Haider, Jutta, et al.
(författare)
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GPT-fabricated scientific papers on Google Scholar: Key features, spread, and implications for preempting evidence manipulation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. ; 5:5, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Academic journals, archives, and repositories are seeing an increasing number of questionable research papers clearly produced using generative AI. They are often created with widely available, general-purpose AI applications, most likely ChatGPT, and mimic scientific writing. Google Scholar easily locates and lists these questionable papers alongside reputable, quality-controlled research. Our analysis of a selection of questionable GPT-fabricated scientific papers found in Google Scholar shows that many are about applied, often controversial topics susceptible to disinformation: the environment, health, and computing. The resulting enhanced potential for malicious manipulation of society’s evidence base, particularly in politically divisive domains, is a growing concern.
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| 9. |
- Hammarström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Trapping for Bacteria Identification in Positive Blood Cultures with MALDI-TOF MS.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 86:21, s. 10560-10567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is currently changing the clinical routine for identification of microbial pathogens. One important application is the rapid identification of bacteria for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI). A novel approach based on acoustic trapping and an integrated selective enrichment target (ISET) microchip that improves the sample preparation step for this type of analysis is presented. The method is evaluated on clinically relevant samples in the form of Escherichia coli infected blood cultures. It is shown that noncontact acoustic trapping enables capture, enrichment, and washing of bacteria directly from the complex background of crude blood cultures. The technology replaces centrifugation-based separation with a faster and highly automated sample preparation method that minimizes manual handling of hazardous pathogens. The presented method includes a solid phase extraction step that was optimized for enrichment of the bacterial proteins and peptides that are used for bacterial identification. The acoustic trapping-based assay provided correct identification in 12 out 12 cases of E. coli positive blood cultures with an average score of 2.19 ± 0.09 compared to 1.98 ± 0.08 when using the standard assay. This new technology opens up the possibility to automate and speed up an important and widely used diagnostic assay for bloodstream infections.
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| 10. |
- Hammarström, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic trapping with seed-particles for submicron particle enrichment.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 132:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acoustic trapping in disposable borosilicate capillaries utilize ultrasonic forces to capture/retain micro-particles or cells against fluid flow in a microfluidic-channel. A miniaturized ultrasonic transducer is used to locally excite a 4-MHz cross-sectional resonance in the capillary, creating an acoustic field gradient for retention of cells in non-contact mode. Due to competition between fluidic drag from induced acoustic streaming and primary radiation force the smallest particle size addressable with the trapping system is limited. Here, the typical transition occurs at single-micron particle diameters. However, trapping of single- or sub-micron biological species has highly relevant applications such as enrichment or purification of bacteria or viruses. This work investigates the influence of in-trap particle concentration on the trapping, and it is found that elevated concentrations allow capture of submicron particles. By preloading the acoustic trap with micron-sized seed-particles capture of submicron particles even at low concentrations is enabled. Using this technique, we demonstrate single event capture of bacteria as well as capture of 100nm particles. To provide analytical readout for identification/analysis of the trapped particles the acoustic trap is interfaced with a MALDI-MS instrument. Here, the acoustic trapping capillary is operated in aspirate/dispense mode allowing easy and flexible handling of small sample volumes.
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