| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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Review of methodological choices in LCA of biorefinery systems - key issues and recommendations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-1031 .- 1932-104X. ; 9:5, s. 606-619
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current trend in biomass conversion technologies is toward more efficient utilization of biomass feedstock in multiproduct biorefineries. Many life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies of biorefinery systems have been performed but differ in how they use the LCA methodology. Based on a review of existing LCA standards and guidelines, this paper provides recommendations on how to handle key methodological issues when performing LCA studies of biorefinery systems. Six key issues were identified: (i) goal definition, (ii) functional unit, (iii) allocation of biorefinery outputs, (iv) allocation of biomass feedstock, (v) land use, and (vi) biogenic carbon and timing of emissions. Many of the standards and guidelines reviewed here provide only general methodological recommendations. Some make more specific methodological recommendations, but these often differ between standards. In this paper we present some clarifications (e.g. examples of research questions and suitable functional units) and methodological recommendations (e.g. on allocation).
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| 2. |
- Watson, David, et al.
(författare)
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EPR-systems and new business models. Part II: Policy packages to increase reuse and recycling of textiles in the Nordic region
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract in ArabicThis report is the primary outcome from Part II of the project “An extended producer responsibility (EPR) system and new business models to increase reuse and recycling of textiles in the Nordic region” initiated by the Nordic waste group (NAG). The full project – comprising Part I and II – is part of the Nordic Prime Minister’s green growth initiative, The Nordic Region – leading in green growth. The aim of the Part II of the project is to propose three packages of policy instruments for EPR systems and business models based on lessons learned in Part I of the project. Further, the aim is to assess the potential of the different EPR systems and business models in terms of critical factors, risks and synergies. It has been carried out through a combination of literature studies and consultation with key stakeholders.
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| 3. |
- Watson, David, et al.
(författare)
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EPR systems and new business models. Reuse and recycling of textiles in the Nordic region
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is the outcome of Part I of a research project entitled An EPR system and new business models to in- crease reuse and recycling of textiles in the Nordic region. The overall aim of the project is to propose policy packages in Nordic countries which would support extended producer responsibility (EPR) systems and innovative business models which promote greater reuse and recycling of used textiles. In addition to reducing environmental impacts such policy packages would also increase the competitiveness of the Nordic region. The project is part of the Nordic Prime Ministers’ green growth initiative, The Nordic Region – leading in green growth. The aims of Part I of the project were to identify, describe and evaluate existing EPR systems and other innovative business models for clothing and other textiles, both in the Nordic countries and further afield. It includes 1)survey of existing EPR-systems and business models, 2) Evaluation of eight EPR-systems and business models, and 3) Costs and benefits of EPR-systems and two business models. The work was carried out through a combination of literature studies and consultation with key stakeholders.
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| 4. |
- Ylmen, Peter
(författare)
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Managing Uncertainty in Environmental and Cost Life Cycle Studies of Building Design
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to mitigate global warming and address other pertinent environmental issues, it is important to reduce the environmental impact from the building stock. Emissions can be large for both operational energy consumption and production of materials. It is therefore important to find building design solutions that consider production, operation and maintenance in order to minimise the climate impact of a building during its entire lifetime. At the same time, the production of buildings has to be cost-efficient. In the design of buildings, both environmental impact and cost must be evaluated in order to make well-supported decisions. There are many uncertainties in the design phase of buildings. This study explored the uncertainties that occur when a life cycle perspective is adopted in building design decisions and developed an approach to manage them. Addressed issues were secondary effects of design changes, material data gaps and how subjective choices and parameter uncertainties can be managed in conjunction. This was done by developing the Effect and Consequences Evaluation (ECE) method and the Decision Choices Procedure (DCP), which were combined into a general approach. The presented approach will provide a structured means to set up system boundaries and manage uncertainties when life cycle studies are used as decision support for optimising building design. Several case studies were carried out to penetrate specific issues, and the final approach was demonstrated with a case study of selecting optimal insulation thickness when designing the building envelope. The results can be used to support decisions on where and how to effectively make improvements when subjective choices and parameter uncertainties are considered in the study. This will facilitate decisions on different building design solutions so that the option with the lowest total environmental impact and a reasonable cost can be chosen.
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