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- Fändriks, Lars, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Bariatric surgery for diabetes mellitus type 2 control in adults with BMI<35 kg/m2
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Obesity is strongly linked to diabetes and premature mortality, mainly from cardiovascular causes. In 2013, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) in adults in Sweden was 14 %. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Sweden is approximately 5 % with a slow increase due to an ageing population. In 2015, 73,225 patients in VGR had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The treatment of overweight and obesity in adults is based on three principles: lifestyle changes, pharmacological treatment and surgery. Today, weight reducing (bariatric) surgery can be offered to individuals with BMI ≥40 kg/m2, and patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 with an obesity associated disease, in particular diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D). Bariatric surgery in persons with BMI < 35 kg/m2 is currently not endorsed in Swedish national guidelines (National Board of Health and Welfare, 2015). Glycaemic stabilisation is reported to occur very early after surgery, before any significant weight loss. In a recent joint statement by several international diabetes organizations, it was proposed that bariatric surgery should be considered to be an option to treat T2D in patients with BMI 30.0–34.99 kg/m2 and inadequately controlled hyperglycaemia despite optimal medical treatment. Objective: To study if bariatric surgery in patients with T2D and a BMI <35 kg/m2 is superior to standard treatment with regard to diabetes control. Search methods and study selection criteria: During January 2016 two authors performed systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and a number of HTA-databases for systematic reviews, randomized (RCT) and non-randomised controlled studies. Due to the small number of original articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria we chose to only include and critically appraise original articles. Main results: The literature search resulted in four RCTs and six cohort studies (two reporting on the same population) comparing results of bariatric surgery with medical treatment in T2D patients with BMI <35 kg/m2. The studies had limitations mainly related to, e.g., short follow-up, some inconsistency, indirectness due to different interventions or unclear patient selection, and imprecision. Mortality was reported in two studies with only one reported death. Remission of T2D was studied in three RCTs and four cohort studies. The frequency of T2D remission during 1–3 years follow-up may be higher after bariatric surgery compared with non-surgical standard care (GRADE ⊕⊕ ). Diabetes related and cardiovascular complications were not studied. Health related quality of life (SF-36) was reported in one RCT and physical wellbeing may improve after bariatric surgery compared with medical treatment (GRADE ⊕⊕ ). Regarding glycaemic control, bariatric surgery compared with non-surgical standard care probably reduces HbA1c (GRADE ⊕⊕⊕ ), may reduce fasting plasma glucose (GRADE ⊕⊕ ) but the effect on the number of glucose-lowering medications is uncertain (GRADE ⊕ ). Bariatric surgery compared with non-surgical standard care probably reduces BMI (GRADE ⊕⊕⊕ ) but the effects on other metabolic risk factors are uncertain (GRADE ⊕ ). Risks and complications: The rate of surgical complications was reported from four to 17% ranging from mild to more severe complications requiring surgical intervention. Concluding remarks: This systematic review shows that bariatric surgery compared with medical treatment may increase the frequency of diabetes remission and probably results in improved glycaemic control in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI< 35 kg/m2, mainly 30 – 34.99 kg/m2) during 1–3 years follow-up. The bariatric surgical procedures mainly performed in Sweden today (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, vertical sleeve gastrectomy) were investigated in only half of the current studies. Data on long term efficacy and safety are lacking and there are no results indicating reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer or death. No relevant health economic analyses are available.
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