| 1. |
- Eliasson, Ann-Christin, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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The effectiveness of Baby-CIMT in infants younger than 12 months with clinical signs of unilateral-cerebral palsy : an explorative study with randomized design
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 72, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore the effectiveness of baby-CIMT (constraint-induced movement therapy) and baby-massage for improving the manual ability of infants younger than 12 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).METHOD: Infants eligible for inclusion were 3-8 months old with asymmetric hand function and at high risk of developing unilateral CP. Thirty-seven infants were assigned randomly to receive baby-CIMT or baby-massage. At one year of age 31 children were diagnosed with unilateral CP, 18 (8 boys, 6.1±1.7months) of these had received baby-CIMT and 13 (8 boys, 5.0±1.6months) baby-massage. There were two 6-week training periods separated by a 6-week pause. The Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI), Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCS) and a questionnaire concerning feasibility were applied.RESULTS: There was improvement in the "Affected hand score" of HAI from median 10 (6;13 IQR) to 13 (7;17 IQR) raw score in the baby-CIMT group and from 5 (4;11 IQR) to 6 (3;12 IQR) for baby-massage with a significant between group difference (p=0.041). At 18-month of age, the median AHA score were 51 (38;72 IQR) after baby-CIMT (n=18) compared to 24 (19;43 IQR) baby-massage (n=9). The PSCS revealed an enhanced sense of competence of being a parent among fathers in the baby-CIMT group compared to fathers in the baby-massage (p=0.002). Parents considered both interventions to be feasible.CONCLUSION: Baby-CIMT appears to improve the unimanual ability of young children with unilateral CP more than massage.
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| 2. |
- Islam, Mominul, et al.
(författare)
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Is outcome of constraint-induced movement therapy in unilateral cerebral palsy dependent on corticomotor projection pattern and brain lesion characteristics?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 56:3, s. 252-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the study was to explore individual variations in outcome of hand function after constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in relation to the organization of corticomotor projection and brain lesion characteristics in participants with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).METHOD: Sixteen participants (eight males, eight females; mean age 13 y, [SD 2 y] range 10-16 y) with unilateral CP (nine right-sided; Manual Ability Classification System [MACS] level I, n=1; level II, n=15) who participated in a 2-week CIMT day camp (63 h) were included in the study. Various aspects of hand function were measured by the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), and the Melbourne Assessment, both before and after the day camp. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to explore the corticomotor organization, and brain lesion characteristics were described by visual assessment of conventional structural magnetic resonance images.RESULTS: At a group level, the training was associated with significant improvements in JTHFT (p=0.003) and AHA (p=0.046), but not in Melbourne Assessment scores. Improvements were found in all types of corticomotor projection patterns, i.e. contralateral, mixed, and ipsilateral. There was no relationship between functional improvement and brain lesion characteristics.INTERPRETATION: Individuals with CP experience improved motor outcomes after CIMT, independent of corticomotor projection pattern and lesion characteristics.
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| 3. |
- Novak, Iona, et al.
(författare)
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Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy : Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
- 2017
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Ingår i: JAMA pediatrics. - : American Medical Association. - 2168-6203 .- 2168-6211. ; 171:9, s. 897-907
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Cerebral palsy describes the most common physical disability in childhood and occurs in 1 in 500 live births. Historically, the diagnosis has been made between age 12 and 24 months but now can be made before 6 months' corrected age.Objectives: To systematically review best available evidence for early, accurate diagnosis of cerebral palsy and to summarize best available evidence about cerebral palsy-specific early intervention that should follow early diagnosis to optimize neuroplasticity and function.Evidence Review: This study systematically searched the literature about early diagnosis of cerebral palsy in MEDLINE (1956-2016), EMBASE (1980-2016), CINAHL (1983-2016), and the Cochrane Library (1988-2016) and by hand searching. Search terms included cerebral palsy, diagnosis, detection, prediction, identification, predictive validity, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, criteria of diagnostic accuracy, and evidence-based clinical guidelines. Findings are reported according to the PRISMA statement, and recommendations are reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.Findings: Six systematic reviews and 2 evidence-based clinical guidelines met inclusion criteria. All included articles had high methodological Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) ratings. In infants, clinical signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy emerge and evolve before age 2 years; therefore, a combination of standardized tools should be used to predict risk in conjunction with clinical history. Before 5 months' corrected age, the most predictive tools for detecting risk are term-age magnetic resonance imaging (86%-89% sensitivity), the Prechtl Qualitative Assessment of General Movements (98% sensitivity), and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (90% sensitivity). After 5 months' corrected age, the most predictive tools for detecting risk are magnetic resonance imaging (86%-89% sensitivity) (where safe and feasible), the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (90% sensitivity), and the Developmental Assessment of Young Children (83% C index). Topography and severity of cerebral palsy are more difficult to ascertain in infancy, and magnetic resonance imaging and the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination may be helpful in assisting clinical decisions. In high-income countries, 2 in 3 individuals with cerebral palsy will walk, 3 in 4 will talk, and 1 in 2 will have normal intelligence.Conclusions and Relevance: Early diagnosis begins with a medical history and involves using neuroimaging, standardized neurological, and standardized motor assessments that indicate congruent abnormal findings indicative of cerebral palsy. Clinicians should understand the importance of prompt referral to diagnostic-specific early intervention to optimize infant motor and cognitive plasticity, prevent secondary complications, and enhance caregiver well-being.
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| 4. |
- Abdellaoui, G., et al.
(författare)
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Science and mission status of EUSO-SPB2
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon II (EUSO-SPB2) is a second generation stratospheric balloon instrument for the detection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs, E > 1 EeV) via the fluorescence technique and of Very High Energy (VHE, E > 10 PeV) neutrinos via Cherenkov emission. EUSO-SPB2 is a pathfinder mission for instruments like the proposed Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA). The purpose of such a space-based observatory is to measure UHECRs and UHE neutrinos with high statistics and uniform exposure. EUSO-SPB2 is designed with two Schmidt telescopes, each optimized for their respective observational goals. The Fluorescence Telescope looks at the nadir to measure the fluorescence emission from UHECR-induced extensive air shower (EAS), while the Cherenkov Telescope is optimized for fast signals (∼10 ns) and points near the Earth's limb. This allows for the measurement of Cherenkov light from EAS caused by Earth skimming VHE neutrinos if pointed slightly below the limb or from UHECRs if observing slightly above. The expected launch date of EUSO-SPB2 is Spring 2023 from Wanaka, NZ with target duration of up to 100 days. Such a flight would provide thousands of VHECR Cherenkov signals in addition to tens of UHECR fluorescence tracks. Neither of these kinds of events have been observed from either orbital or suborbital altitudes before, making EUSO-SPB2 crucial to move forward towards a space-based instrument. It will also enhance the understanding of potential background signals for both detection techniques. This contribution will provide a short overview of the detector and the current status of the mission as well as its scientific goals.
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| 5. |
- Bagheri, Mahdi, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of Cherenkov Telescope on-board EUSO-SPB2 for the Detection of Very-High-Energy Neutrinos
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the status of the development of a Cherenkov telescope to be flown on a long-duration balloon flight, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2). EUSO-SPB2 is an approved NASA balloon mission that is planned to fly in 2023 and is a precursor of the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA), a candidate for an Astrophysics probe-class mission. The purpose of the Cherenkov telescope on-board EUSOSPB2 is to classify known and unknown sources of backgrounds for future space-based neutrino detectors. Furthermore, we will use the Earth-skimming technique to search for Very-High-Energy (VHE) tau neutrinos below the limb (E > 10 PeV) and observe air showers from cosmic rays above the limb. The 0.785 m2 Cherenkov telescope is equipped with a 512-pixel SiPM camera covering a 12.8° x 6.4° (Horizontal × Vertical) field of view. The camera signals are digitized with a 100 MS/s readout system. In this paper, we discuss the status of the telescope development, the camera integration, and simulation studies of the camera response.
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| 6. |
- Battisti, M., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the Mini-EUSO μs trigger logic performance
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mini-EUSO is the first detector of the JEM-EUSO program deployed on the ISS. It is a wide field of view telescope currently operating from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window on the ISS. It is based on an array of MAPMTs working in photon counting mode with a 2.5 μs time resolution. Among the different scientific objectives it searches for light signals with time duration compatible to those expected from Extensive Air Showers (EAS) generated by EECRs interacting in the atmosphere. Although the energy threshold for cosmic ray showers is above E > 1021eV, due the constraints given by the size of the UV-transparent window, the dedicated trigger logic has been capable of the detection of other interesting classes of events, like elves and ground flashers. An overview of the general performance of the trigger system is provided, with a particular focus on the identification of classes of events responsible for the triggers.
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| 7. |
- Berntsson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Patient safety when receiving telephone advice in primary care – a Swedish qualitative interview study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6955 .- 1472-6955. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A lack of patient safety is a significant global public health challenge and is one of the leading causes of death and disability, entailing significant financial and economic costs. However, patient safety can be improved and patients can avoid being harmed if more knowledge could be gained about what it is that impacts patient safety. Patient safety when receiving telephone advice is an important issue given the increase in digitalization in healthcare services. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore district nurses’ (“telenurses”) experiences and perceptions of patient safety when providing health advice over the phone. Methods: Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The participants (n = 12) were telnurses in primary care. Results: The theme “Being able to make the right decision” was formed based on two categories: “Communication” and “Assessment”. Through effective communication with the right conditions to make an assessment, the correct decision can be made when a patient calls, and the district nurse feels that their telephone advice is safe for the patient. Conclusions: Patient safety can be challenged when receiving telephone advice, particularly when they feel stressed due to organizational factors. There is a need to shift from the individual to the organization. Further, while computerized knowledge support generally results in safe decisions, there may also be problems. Hence, it is imperative to develop computerized knowledge support as a part of improved patient safety in telephone advice.
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| 8. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(författare)
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The Mini-EUSO telescope on board the International Space Station : Launch and first results
- 2022
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Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021. - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mini-EUSO is a telescope launched on board the International Space Station in 2019 and currently located in the Russian section of the station. Main scientific objectives of the mission are the search for nuclearites and Strange Quark Matter, the study of atmospheric phenomena such as Transient Luminous Events, meteors and meteoroids, the observation of sea bioluminescence and of artificial satellites and man-made space debris. It is also capable of observing Extensive Air Showers generated by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with an energy above 1021 eV and detect artificial showers generated with lasers from the ground. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the UV range (290 - 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 μs, observing our planet through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The instrument, launched on 2019/08/22 from the Baikonur cosmodrome, is based on an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity and an overall field of view of 44◦. Mini-EUSO also contains two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges. In this paper we describe the detector and present the various phenomena observed in the first year of operation.
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| 9. |
- Danielsson, Erna, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan i praktiken
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport har varit att studera den samverkan som sker på en skadeplats där flera räddningsorganisationer och enskilda frivilliga är inblandade i räddningsarbetet. Men rapporten omfattar även den samverkan som sker i händelsens periferi, inom och mellan organisationernas staber, samt samverkan med frivilligorganisationer verksamma vid kriser och olyckor. Resultatet visar att omvandlingen av en olycksplats till en skadeplats påbörjas då en spontanfrivillig uppmärksammar en olycka och ringer till SOS Alarm. När räddningsorganisationerna kommer till skadeplatsen skapas en organisation för att ta hand om händelsen. I denna miljö möts spontanfrivilliga och räddningspersonal. Spontanfrivilliga kan i detta möte fylla två viktiga funktioner, för det första som informationskälla, dvs. i definitionen av en första lägesbild och i egenskap av vittnen. För det andra kan de få en funktion som medhjälpare, t.ex. påbörja lättare sjukvårdsinsatser eller dirigera trafik. Men genom att händelsen omgärdas av ett organisatoriskt sammanhang sätts gränser t.ex. för vad som betraktas som en legitim aktör. Ofta inkluderas spontanfrivilliga så tillvida att de blir geografiskt inkluderade, men de blir lika ofta symboliskt exkluderade. Räddningspersonalens avståndstagande gör att spontanfrivilliga känner sig obekväma i situationen och lämnar skadeplatsen i ett tidigt skede. Liksom skadeplatsen utgör räddningsstaben både en organisatorisk konstruktion och en institutionell miljö. Det som är särskilt utmärkande för staber är deras behov av lägesbilder. Till skillnad mot arbetet på skadeplatsen som börjar i kaos, börjar staben med ett ”tomt” rum som ska fyllas av händelsen, där lägesbilderna som förmedlas från skadeplatsen utgör grunden för stabens arbete. Etableringen av frivilligorganisationer följer till dels andra rutiner. Det som utmärker dessa organisationer är deras elasticitet, dvs. tillkomsten av frivilliga i händelse av en kris. Den verksamhet som vissa frivilligorganisationer bedriver är till dels lika dem som de bedriver i vardagen. Frivilligorganisationerna är inte verksamma på skadeplatsen och de aktiveras senare under händelsen och verksamheten kan pågå under lång tid efteråt. Om arbetet på skadeplatsen kännetecknas av en räddningspraktik, så kännetecknas de frivilligorganisationer som ingår i studien av en omhändertagandepraktik. Sammanfattningsvis framkommer att samverkan etableras i vardagen och att det finns en tendens att överbetona samverkan; samverkan är inte alltid viktig. Svårigheter att samverka kan bero på kunskapsbrister, att gränser försvårar samverkan där vissa inkluderas och andra exkluderas, samt att en strävan efter en gemensam lägesbild inte alltid är en rimlig utgångspunkt vid samverkan.
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| 10. |
- Demarin, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Samhällsvetenskapliga perspektiv på risk och kris : Uppfattning, kommunikation och organisation.
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskargruppen KRIHS, Kris och risk i det heterogena samhället, har fått uppdraget att skriva en kunskapsöversikt inom ramen för MSB:s verksamhetsområden skydd mot olyckor, krishantering och civil beredskap. Uppdraget har gjorts i samarbete med Eva-Lena Demarin som stått för stora delar av sammanställningen av tidigare forskning samt delar av övriga avsnitt. Undertecknad ansvarar för översiktens vetenskapliga kvalitet. Kunskapsöversikten är dock ett resultat av forskargruppens gemensamma ansträngningar. Tillsammans med Eva-Lena har gruppen träffats vid fem tillfällen varav vid ett seminarium där texten diskuterats och reviderats. De som varit med och diskuterat, samlat in material och/eller skrivit delar av översikten är förutom ovan nämnda, Erna Danielsson, Sara Ekholm, Linda Eliasson, Roine Johansson, Jörgen Sparf, Erika Wall och Susanna Öhman.Då både tiden och utrymmet har varit begränsat gör vi inga anspråk på att kunskapsöversikten är heltäckande. Den ska snarare ses som en ganska grovkorning bild av de senaste tio årens risk- och krisforskning rörande uppfattningar, kommunikation och organisation. Det huvudsakliga bidraget är att översikten identifierar vissa områden där kunskapsuppbyggnad behövs. På så sätt kan översikten ses som en karta där vissa kompassriktningar markerats utifrån vilka MSB kan välja vilka som passar myndighetens framtida verksamhet.
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