| 1. |
- Allander, Susanne Vilhelmsdotter, et al.
(författare)
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Kreatinin fortfarande den vanligaste njurfunktionsanalysen : Undersökning av praxis i Sverige
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 109:19, s. 960-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Markers of renal function (glomerular filtration rate; GFR) are frequently used. In most cases GFR is estimated based on plasma creatinine, but cystatin C, creatinine clearance (with urine collection), iohexol clearance and 51Cr-EDTA clearance are also used. A questionnaire was sent to representatives for clinical chemistry laboratories in Sweden to collect information regarding the use of these markers during the years 2006 2009. The aim was to compare the use in different parts of Sweden and how it has changed over time. The overall use of markers of renal function, including creatinine, continues to increase on a national level, with the exception for endogenous creatinine clearance and 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Creatinine, the most frequently used marker, continues to grow in numbers. 5,6 million creatinine analyses and about two hundred thousand cystatin C analyses were performed during year 2009. There were considerable variations between counties in the use of the studied markers.
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| 3. |
- Elinder, Carl-Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in graft and patient survival after kidney transplantation in Sweden: caveats in interpretation of center effects when benchmarking.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1432-2277 .- 0934-0874. ; 22:11, s. 1051-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benchmarking and comparisons between transplantation centers are becoming more common. A crude comparison indicated a 50% difference in patient survival between centers in Sweden. A 'task group' was formed to refute or confirm and learn from this observation. Patient survival and graft survival of 5 933 patients transplanted at three different transplantation centers in Sweden (Stockholm, Göteborg, and Malmö) were followed up until February 2007. Patient survival and graft survival were compared between the centers with and without consideration being given to important covariates such as time period, type of donation (living or deceased donor), gender, and age. A refined cohort of 2,956 adult patients that had been transplanted for the first time between 1991 and 2007 was assessed in more detail using Cox regression analysis. The difference in patient and transplant outcome observed in the crude comparison diminished considerably after adjustment for differences in case mix and time period of transplantation, and was neither evident nor significant after 1999. Patient survival and graft survival have improved considerably during the time period since 1991. The adjusted hazards ratio for mortality was 0.39 (95% CI 0.29-0.53) for patients who were transplanted after 1999 when compared with those transplanted between 1991 and 1994. Crude comparisons between results from transplantation centers may be severely confounded not only by case mix but also by differences in the proportion of patients transplanted during different time periods. Patient outcome and graft outcome have improved considerably since 1991, and after 1999 center effects were no longer apparent in Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Peraza, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased Kidney Function Among Agricultural Workers in El Salvador
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-6838 .- 0272-6386. ; 59:4, s. 531-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown cause has emerged along the Pacific coast of Central America, particularly in relatively young male sugarcane workers. In El Salvador, we examined residence and occupations at different altitudes as surrogate risk factors for heat stress. Study Design: Cross-sectional population-based survey. Setting & Participants: Populations aged 20-60 years of 5 communities in El Salvador, 256 men and 408 women (participation, 73%): 2 coastal communities with current sugarcane and past cotton production and 3 communities above 500 m with sugarcane, coffee, and service-oriented economies. Predictor: Participant sex, age, residence, occupation, agricultural history by crop and altitude, and traditional risk factors for CKD. Outcomes: Serum creatinine (SCr) level greater than the normal laboratory range for sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and proteinuria categorized as low (protein excretion >= 30-<300 mg/dL) and high grade (>= 300 mg/dL). Results: Of the men in the coastal communities, 30% had elevated SCr levels and 18% had eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) compared with 4% and 1%, respectively, in the communities above 500 m. For agricultural workers, prevalences of elevated SCr levels and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were highest for coastal sugarcane and cotton plantation workers, but were not increased in sugarcane workers at 500 m or subsistence farmers. Women followed a weaker but similar pattern. Proteinuria was infrequent, of low grade, and not different among communities, occupations, or sexes. The adjusted ORs of decreased kidney function for 10-year increments of coastal sugarcane or cotton plantation work were 3.1 (95% CI, 2.0-5.0) in men and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.7) in women. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of the study limits etiologic interpretations. Conclusion: Agricultural work on lowland sugarcane and cotton plantations was associated with decreased kidney function in men and women, possibly related to strenuous work in hot environments with repeated volume depletion. Am J Kidney Dis. 59(4): 531-540. (C) 2012 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
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| 6. |
- Shemeikka, Tero, et al.
(författare)
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A health record integrated clinical decision support system to support prescriptions of pharmaceutical drugs in patients with reduced renal function : Design, development and proof of concept
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 84:6, s. 387-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To develop and verify proof of concept for a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to support prescriptions of pharmaceutical drugs in patients with reduced renal function, integrated in an electronic health record system (EHR) used in both hospitals and primary care. Methods: A pilot study in one geriatric clinic, one internal medicine admission ward and two outpatient healthcare centers was evaluated with a questionnaire focusing on the usefulness of the CDSS. The usage of the system was followed in a log. Results: The CDSS is considered to increase the attention on patients with impaired renal function, provides a better understanding of dosing and is time saving. The calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the dosing recommendation classification were perceived useful while the recommendation texts and background had been used to a lesser extent. Discussion: Few previous systems are used in primary care and cover this number of drugs. The global assessment of the CDSS scored high but some elements were used to a limited extent possibly due to accessibility or that texts were considered difficult to absorb. Choosing a formula for the calculation of eGFR in a CDSS may be problematic. Conclusions: A real-time CDSS to support kidney-related drug prescribing in both hospital and outpatient settings is valuable to the physicians. It has the potential to improve quality of drug prescribing by increasing the attention on patients with renal insufficiency and the knowledge of their drug dosing.
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| 7. |
- Soveri, Inga, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring GFR: A Systematic Review.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-6838 .- 0272-6386. ; 64:3, s. 411-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background No comprehensive systematic review of the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement methods using renal inulin clearance as reference has been published. Study Design Systematic review with meta-analysis of cross-sectional diagnostic studies. Setting & Population Published original studies and systematic reviews in any population. Selection Criteria for Studies Index and reference measurements conducted within 48 hours; at least 15 participants studied; GFR markers measured in plasma or urine; plasma clearance calculation algorithm verified in another study; tubular secretion of creatinine had not been blocked by medicines. Index Tests Endogenous creatinine clearance; renal or plasma clearance of chromium 51−labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), iohexol, and iothalamate; and plasma clearance of inulin. Reference Test Renal inulin clearance measured under continuous inulin infusion and urine collection. Results Mean bias < 10%, median bias < 5%, the proportion of errors in the index measurements that did not exceed 30% (P30) ≥ 80%, and P10 ≥ 50% were set as requirements for sufficient accuracy. Based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, the quality of evidence across studies was rated for each index method. Renal clearance of iothalamate measured GFR with sufficient accuracy (strong evidence). Renal and plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA and plasma clearance of iohexol were sufficiently accurate to measure GFR (moderately strong evidence). Renal clearance of DTPA, renal clearance of iohexol, and plasma clearance of inulin had sufficient accuracy (limited evidence). Endogenous creatinine clearance was an inaccurate method (strong evidence), as was plasma clearance of DTPA (limited evidence). The evidence to determine the accuracy of plasma iothalamate clearance was insufficient. With the exception of plasma clearance of inulin, only renal clearance methods had P30 > 90%. Limitations The included studies were few and most were old and small, which may limit generalizability. Requirements for sufficient accuracy may depend on clinical setting. At least moderately strong evidence suggests that renal clearance of 51Cr-EDTA or iothalamate and plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA or iohexol are sufficiently accurate methods to measure GFR.
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| 9. |
- Thomas, Laura D. K., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary cadmium exposure and chronic kidney disease : A population-based prospective cohort study of men and women
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health (Print). - : ELSEVIER GMBH. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 217:7, s. 720-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kidney is widely regarded as the critical organ for cadmium toxicity, however, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the clinical significance of the renal effects of cadmium at low levels of exposure. Food is the primary source of cadmium exposure in the general population with tobacco representing an important additional source. We aimed to assess the association between dietary cadmium exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence in two large population-based, prospective cohorts of men (Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM)) and women (The Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC)) with no history of kidney disease. At baseline 1997, men (45-79 years) and women (48-83 years), completed a self-administered questionnaire on diet and lifestyle. Dietary cadmium exposure for each individual was estimated using dietary data and concentrations of cadmium in food. During 13 years of follow-up, we ascertained 599 incident cases of CKD among men (in 481,591 person-years) and 253 cases among women (in 415,432 person-years) through linkage of the cohorts to national inpatient and outpatient registers. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the Cox proportional-hazard regression model. Estimated dietary cadmium exposure was not associated with increased CKD incidence among men HR 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-1.21) or women HR 0.74(95% CI: 0.53-1.04), comparing highest tertile with lowest. Our results do not support a strong association between dietary cadmium exposure and CKD at the exposure levels seen in the general population. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Thomas, Laura D. K., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary cadmium exposure and kidney stone incidence : A population-based prospective cohort study of men & women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 59, s. 148-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium exposure is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion. Hypercalciuria is recognised as a major risk factor for kidney stone formation. Increased prevalence of kidney stones among those occupationally exposed to cadmium has previously been suggested. Food is the main source of cadmium exposure in the general population with tobacco representing an important additional source among smokers. We aimed to assess the association between dietary cadmium exposure and kidney stone incidence in two large population-based, prospective cohorts of men (Cohort of Swedish Men; COSM) and women (The Swedish Mammography Cohort; SMC). Those with a history of kidney stones were excluded. At baseline 1997, men (45-79 yrs) and women (48 to 83 yrs), completed a self-administered questionnaire on diet and lifestyle. During 12 years of follow-up, we ascertained 707 cases of kidney stones in men and 290 in women through linkage of the cohorts to the national inpatient and outpatient registers. Individual dietary cadmium exposure was estimated using dietary data and concentrations of cadmium in food. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for other risk factors. Estimated dietary cadmium exposure was not associated with increased kidney stone incidence among men HR 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-1.23) or women HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89-1.43), comparing the highest tertile with the lowest. In conclusion, our results do not support a strong association between dietary cadmium and kidney stone risk at the exposure levels seen in the general population. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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