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- Montell, H, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting levels of nucleotide diversity on the avian Z and W sex chromosomes
- 2001
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Ingår i: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION. - : SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION. - 0737-4038. ; 18:11, s. 2010-2016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex chromosomes may provide a context for studying the local effects, of mutation rate on molecular evolution, since the two types of sex chromosomes are generally exposed to different mutational environments in male and female germ lines. Importantly, re
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- Seddon, J M, et al.
(författare)
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SNPs in ecological and conservation studies : a test in the Scandinavian wolf population.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Mol Ecol. - 0962-1083. ; 14:2, s. 503-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have the potential to become the genetic marker of choice in studies of the ecology and conservation of natural populations because of their capacity to access variability across the genome. In this study, we provide one of the first demonstrations of SNP discovery in a wild population in order to address typical issues of importance in ecology and conservation in the recolonized Scandinavian and neighbouring Finnish wolf Canis lupus populations. Using end sequence from BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) clones specific for dogs, we designed assays for 24 SNP loci, 20 sites of which had previously been shown to be polymorphic in domestic dogs and four sites were newly identified as polymorphic in wolves. Of the 24 assayed loci, 22 SNPs were found to be variable within the Scandinavian population and, importantly, these were able to distinguish individual wolves from one another (unbiased probability of identity of 4.33 x 10(-8)), providing equivalent results to that derived from 12 variable microsatellites genotyped in the same population. An assignment test shows differentiation between the Scandinavian and neighbouring Finnish wolf populations, although not all known immigrants are accurately identified. An exploration of the misclassification rates in the identification of relationships shows that neither 22 SNP nor 20 microsatellite loci are able to discriminate across single order relationships. Despite the remaining obstacle of SNP discovery in nonmodel organisms, the use of SNPs in ecological and conservation studies is encouraged by the advent of large scale screening methods. Furthermore, the ability to amplify extremely small fragments makes SNPs of particular use for population monitoring, where faecal and other noninvasive samples are routinely used.
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- Vila, C., Sundqvist, A.-K., Flagstad, Ö., Seddon, J., Björnerfeldt, S., Kojola, I., Casulli, A., Sand, H., Wabakken, P. & Ellegren, H.
(författare)
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Rescue of a severely bottlenecked wolf (Canis lupus) population by a single immigrant.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Series B. ; 270, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Berggren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the phylogeographic patterns of European hedgehogs, Erinaceus concolor and E. europaeus using the MHC.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Heredity. - 0018-067X. ; 95:1, s. 84-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genome of the European hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor and E. europaeus, shows a strong signal of cycles of restriction to glacial refugia and postglacial expansion. Patterns of expansion, however, differ for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and preliminary analysis of nuclear markers. In this study, we determine phylogeographic patterns in the hedgehog using two loci of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), isolated for the first time in hedgehogs. These genes show long persistence times and high polymorphism in many species because of the actions of balancing selection. Among 84 individuals screened for variation, only two DQA alleles were identified in each species, but 10 DQB alleles were found in E. concolor and six in E. europaeus. A strong effect of demography on patterns of DQB variability is observed, with only weak evidence of balancing selection. While data from mtDNA clearly subdivide both species into monophyletic subgroups, the MHC data delineate only E. concolor into distinct subgroups, supporting the preliminary findings of other nuclear markers. Together with differences in variability, this suggests that the refugia history and/or expansion patterns of E. concolor and E. europaeus differ.
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