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- Enflo, Kerstin
(författare)
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Investeringar, FoU och tillväxt
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden’s investment level has recently been the subject of keen debate. One fact that is often brought up is the fall in Swedish investment as a proportion of GDP (investment ratio) and that the current level of Swedish investment is below that of other countries. In the long run, low investment can weaken a country’s potential for growth. Although Swedish investment is comparatively low, Sweden invests more in research and development (R&D) in relation to GDP than any other country in the OECD, a top position it has held for 10 years. Consequently, there appears to be a paradox in Swedish development with high R&D investment and modest investment in the expansion of the productive apparatus in the form of fixed capital investment. All in all, the empirical review provides a somewhat more balanced picture of the Swedish investment climate than has emerged from the recent debate. Even though the Swedish investment ratio has fallen to a historically low level for the post-war period, a similar reduction has also taken place throughout the Western world. It also appears that the downward trend may be about to break, as Statistics Sweden (SCB) predicts a massive increase in private investment in 2005. Sweden’s position at the bottom of the European investment league can also be explained by record-low investment in Swedish housing since the start of the 1990s. Despite these extenuating circumstances, however, the empirical review points out a number of ill-boding circumstances for Sweden’s future as a growth nation. Above all, it is hard to find evidence for the hypothesis that Swedish industry as a whole has undergone a structural transformation towards more knowledge-intensive production and that this could explain the low level of investment in fixed capital. Instead, it appears that Swedish investment is low for all trades. Furthermore, Swedish development does not show any signs of a strong existence of complementarity at trade level between investing in R&D and in fixed capital over time. The lack of complementarity between investment in R&D and fixed capital is evidence of the thesis that Swedish R&D is not commercialised in R&D-intensive production and exports. Moreover, only a very small proportion of all companies within industry invested in R&D at all in 2002. The fact that there is such a split in the Swedish company structure between those that invest in R&D and those that invest in fixed capital could be an indication that companies that have specialised in manufacturing find it difficult to utilise positive spillover effects of R&D from big companies. From a policy perspective, past development therefore points to the importance of encouraging Swedish and foreign investment by creating a good business climate in Sweden. Special emphasis should be placed on supporting knowledge-intensive companies as Sweden has previously shown comparative advantages of such production through strong growth in productivity and exports, while knowledge-intensive activity has the potential of great spillover effects in society.
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- Enflo, Kerstin
(författare)
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Regional ojämlikhet i Sverige : En historisk analys
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De regionala klyftorna i Sverige har ökat sedan 1980-talet. Den här utvecklingen innebär politiska utmaningar. Stora regionala ojämlikheter hotar sammanhållningen i samhället och kan minska legitimiteten i det kommunala omfördelningssystemet. Skriften sätter in de senaste 30 årens ökande regionala skillnader i ett historiskt perspektiv. För detta ändamål presenteras nya dataserier på BNP per capita för de svenska länen mellan 1860 och 2010; denna typ av jämförelser har tidigare varit omöjliga att göra. Drivkrafterna bakom de historiska mönstren analyseras och dagens situation diskuteras i skenet av dessa.
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- Henning, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Strukturomvandling och automatisering : Konsekvenser på regionala arbetsmarknader
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport handlar om den regionala ekonomiska strukturomvandling som ägt rum i Västra Götaland och Skåne sedan 1990-talet, och om den fortsatta automatiseringens framtida regionala avtryck på svenska lokala arbetsmarknader. Rapporten beskriver och gör en sammanfattning av den debatt som på senare år varit intensiv om automatiseringens framtida effekter på arbetsmarknaden. Med utgångspunkt i den internationella litteraturen, förs en diskussion om automatiseringens drivkrafter, hinder ocheffekter.Det finns ingen direkt orsakskedja mellan teknisk utveckling av nya automatiseringslösningar, och effekter på arbetsmarknaden. Många hinder och fördröjningseffekter finns också, som påverkar när och hur nya automatiseringslösningar får genomslag. Dessa kan exempelvis vara av institutionell, social, legal eller etisk art. Vi har mycket att lära av historien. Många faktorer känner vi igen från tidigare teknikskiften.
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- Molinder, Jakob, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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The Power Resource Theory Revisited: What Explains the Decline in Industrial Conflicts in Sweden?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper revisits the Power Resource Theory by testing one of its more influential claims: the relation between the strength of the labor movement and the reduction of industrial conflicts. Using panel data techniques to analyze more than 2,000 strikes in 103 Swedish towns we test whether a shift in the balance of power towards Social Democratic rule was associated with fewer strikes. The focus is on the formative years between the first general election in 1919 and the famous Saltsjöbaden Agreement in 1938, the period when Sweden went from a country of fierce labor conflicts to a state of industrial peace. The spatial dimension provides new possibilities to test the theory. We find that Social Democratic power reduced strike activity, but only in towns where union presence was strong. Powerful unions in themselves did not reduce local strike activity. On the contrary, we find that the rise of the Social Democratic Party in municipal governments offset about 45 percent of the estimated effect of growing union presence on industrial conflicts. We do not see any significant tangible concessions in terms of increased social spending by local governments after a left-wing victory as predicted by Power Resource Theory. Instead the mechanism leading to fewer strikes appears to be related to corporatist explanations.
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