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- Samuelsson, Annika, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbed intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and micro dynamics in patients treated for appendicitis and diverticulitis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The human gut microbiota is a large dynamic bacterial community, which is influenced by for instance antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease the diversity of gut microbiota is thought to be less diverse. The role of the gut microbiota in acute appendicitis and diverticulitis is still unclear. To investigate the microbial diversity in patients suffering from appendicitis or diverticulitis, and the microbiota dynamics after antibiotic therapy and hospitalization we performed an open observation study.Methods and population: We have performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis on 42 individuals diagnosed with appendicitis and 18 individuals with diverticulitis as well as 33 healthy controls. Cultivation of the aerobic bacterial flora was performed as a complement to sequence analysis.Results: In sequencing data at genus level, there are distinctive differences when comparing healthy controls to patients diagnosed with appendicitis. Healthy controls have a flora dominated by Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Prevotella while appendicitis patients show an intestinal flora with a higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. The same pattern, however not quite as distinct could be seen for the diverticulitis patients. The microbial diversity increases after treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization.In the cultivated aerobic flora there was a significant loss of Escherichia coli and a significant gain of Citrobacter species, in the appendicitis group. In the appendicitis group as well as in the diverticulitis group there was a significant gain of Enterococcus faecium and Yeasts.Conclusion: The main findings of this study are that patients arriving at the emergency department with acute appendicitis or diverticulitis have an already significant disturbed fecal microbiota previous to antibiotic treatment and hospitalization.
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- Bugaytsova, Jeanna, et al.
(författare)
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pH regulated H. pylori adherence : implications for persistent infection and disease
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Helicobacter pylori’s BabA adhesin binds strongly to gastric mucosal ABH/Leb glycans on the stomach epithelium and overlying mucus, materials continuously shed into the acidic gastric lumen. Here we report that this binding is acid labile, acid inactivation is fully reversible; and acid lability profiles vary with BabA sequence and correlate with disease patterns. Isogenic H. pylori strains from the gastric antrum and more acidic corpus were identified that differed in acid lability of receptor binding and in sequence near BabA’s carbohydrate binding domain. We propose that reversible acid inactivation of receptor binding helps H. pylori avoid clearance by mucosal shedding, and that strain differences in acid lability affect tissue tropism and the spectrum of associated gastric diseases.
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- Kimmel, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Components of Mental Distress During Pregnancy in Relation to the Microbiome: Data from USA and Swedish Cohorts
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The microbiota-gut-brain axis has been implicated in depression, anxiety and navigating stress. The aim of this study is to characterize the microbiome and its potential functioning of two populations in relation to the changes of pregnancy and mental distress.Methods: Second and third trimester pregnant individuals from the United States and Sweden completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and provided fecal samples analyzed with whole genome metagenomics. Measures of microbial community diversity, differential abundance, and potential functioning were analyzed in relation to high distress (EPDS>11) and symptom subtypes. Both Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) assessed variation in microbial composition and potential function from the Gut-Brain-Modules; dbRDA considering the influence of mental distress and symptom subtypes. Results: Alpha-diversity significantly differed between 2nd and 3rd trimester among those with low distress, but not high distress, at both time points. Beta diversity showed composition of the highest distress Swedish group differed from the lower distress group. Four groups by variation in microbial community functioning were identified by PCoA; however, dbRDA groups constrained by mental distress and mental distress subtypes were not beyond random chance. Significant functions contributing to variance were cortisol degradation, inositol and menaquinone synthesis and short chain fatty acid synthesis, specifically acetate.Conclusions: This study suggests mental distress in pregnancy may be reflected through aspects of the microbiome, but findings often were not beyond random chance. Variation in microbial functioning may lead to new ways to group individuals and suggests important functions for further study.
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