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- Eriksson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Extended exome sequencing identifies BACH2 as a novel major risk locus for Addison's disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:6, s. 595-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are targeted by destructive autoimmunity. Despite being the most common cause of primary adrenal failure, little is known about its aetiology.METHODS: To understand the genetic background of Addison's disease, we utilized the extensively characterized patients of the Swedish Addison Registry. We developed an extended exome capture array comprising a selected set of 1853 genes and their potential regulatory elements, for the purpose of sequencing 479 patients with Addison's disease and 1394 controls.RESULTS: We identified BACH2 (rs62408233-A, OR = 2.01 (1.71-2.37), P = 1.66 × 10(-15) , MAF 0.46/0.29 in cases/controls) as a novel gene associated with Addison's disease development. We also confirmed the previously known associations with the HLA complex.CONCLUSION: Whilst BACH2 has been previously reported to associate with organ-specific autoimmune diseases co-inherited with Addison's disease, we have identified BACH2 as a major risk locus in Addison's disease, independent of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Our results may enable future research towards preventive disease treatment.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Different beef breed sires used for crossbreeding with Swedish dairy cows - effects on calving performance and carcass traits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved potential for weight gain and carcass classification traits in calves aimed at slaughter from dairy herds would increase the calves' economic value, and enable an increased beef production. At present, relatively low economic weights are placed on beef traits in the comprehensive Nordic dairy cattle breeding goal. An effective way to improve beef production from dairy herds is therefore to inseminate a larger proportion of dairy heifers and cows with beef bull semen. In the choice of beef bull breed, both effects on calving traits, carcass weight gain and carcass traits need to be considered. The aim of this study was therefore to compare different beef x dairy crosses regarding calving performance and carcass traits. Field data comprising in total close to 1.6 million calving records from Swedish herds, and more than 1.1 million carcass records from commercial slaughter houses, were analyzed using linear models. Differences in least-square means between different breed combinations were estimated for percentage of calving difficulty, stillbirth, daily carcass gain, carcass weight, EUROP conformation and fat classification. The dams were purebred Swedish Red (SR) or Swedish Holstein (SH), and the sires were either of purebred dairy (SR or SH) or of the beef breeds Angus, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental or Charolais. The results showed that crossbreeding dairy cows with beef bulls, especially of late maturing breeds, has potential to considerably improve beef production from dairy herds. Improvement of carcass characteristics and carcass gain were most noticeable in young crossbred bulls, where the highest increase for single breed combinations was 67% for conformation and 17% for carcass gain. Offspring of different beef x dairy combinations displayed varying average carcass gain and characteristics in terms of fatness and conformation in heifers, steers and young bulls, and would fit different types of production systems. Whereas crossbreeding had small or favorable effects on stillbirth, the use of late maturing beef breed sires negatively influenced the calving performance, especially in primiparous dairy cows. By choosing individual beef bulls with high estimated breeding values for calving ease, the percentage of calving difficulty could be reduced, even when using late maturing beef breed sires for crossbreeding.
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| 6. |
- Lehrman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens mat: om husdjursavel och växtförädling
- 2020
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Domesticeringen av växter och djur är en lång och ständigt pågående process som har format, inte bara de domesticerade arterna och landskapet, utan även människorna. Till exempel har utvecklingen av vårt immunförsvar påverkats mycket av den nära kontakt som funnits mellan människor och tamdjur. Förändringarna hos de domesticerade djuren har varit dramatiska, från den vilda djungelhönan som får två kullar med totalt 20 kycklingar per år, till dagens värphönor som producerar mer än 300 ägg per år. Och på hundra år har den genomsnittliga veteskörden ökat från 2 till 6 ton per hektar i många europeiska länder. Även om en del av denna ökning beror på odlingsmetoder, gödning och bekämpningsmedel, har den genetiska förändringen en stor del i framstegen. Genom ökad kunskap om evolution, förståelse för ärftlighet och upptäckten av kromosomer och gener har vi gått från ett omedvetet urval till avancerade förädlings- och avelsprogram. Vår ständigt ökande kunskap om mekanismerna som styr olika egenskaper kan användas för att skräddarsy vår mat. Tack vare dessa förädlingsoch avelsprogram har vi nu tillgång till friskare djur och grödor och producerar mjölk, kött och spannmål i nivåer som våra förfäder bara kunde drömma om. Med den här boken vill vi ge en översikt över de metoder och tekniker som används i arbetet med att utveckla husdjur och växter. Vi beskriver också lagstiftningen och diskuterar etiska aspekter kring användningen av genteknik i växtförädling och djuravel. Denna bok är publicerad inom forskningsprogrammet Mistra Biotech vilket finansieras av Stiftelsen för miljöstrategisk forskning (Mistra) och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU). Denna andra utgåva är en förkortad version av utgåvan som publicerades 2014. Ett stort tack till Inger Åhman och Marie Nyman för synpunkter under arbetets gång och Karin Eriksson för ovärderlig hjälp med textbearbetningen.
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| 7. |
- Lehrman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping our food: an overview of crop and livestock breeding
- 2020
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The domestication of plants and animals is a long and on-going process that has shaped not only the domesticated species and the landscape, but also the humans who have domesticated them. For example, the evolution of our immune system has been strongly influenced by the close contact between humans and domestic animals. The changes in domesticated species have been dramatic, from the wild red junglefowl hen raising two clutches of 10 chicks per year, to today’s laying hen producing more than 300 eggs per year. In one hundred years the average wheat yield has increased from two tonnes per hectare to six tonnes per hectare in many European countries. Although part of this increase is due to management techniques, fertilizers, and pesticides, the genetic component of such progress has been substantial.With an increased knowledge of evolution, the understanding of heredity, and the discovery of chromosomes and genes, we have gone from unintentional selection to advanced breeding programmes. Our ever-increasing knowledge of the mechanisms behind different traits can be used to customize the sources of our food. Thanks to these breeding programmes, we now have access to healthier livestock and crops, and are producing milk, meat, and grain at levels our ancestors could only have dreamed of. With this book we wish to provide an overview of the methods and techniques used in the domestication and development of new agricultural crop varieties and breeds of livestock. We also describe the legislation and discusses different ethical views on the use of biotechnology in crop and animal breeding.This book is published within the Mistra Biotech research programme, financed by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research (Mistra) and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). This second edition is a shortened version of the previous edition. We are grateful to Inger Åhman and Marie Nyman for helpful comments on the manuscript.
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| 10. |
- Aspán, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Microarray-based detection of virulence genes in verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from Swedish cattle
- 2011
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 139, s. 1088-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) serotype O157:H7 strains from a Swedish cattle prevalence study (n=32), and livestock-derived strains linked to human disease (n=13), were characterized by microarray and PCR detection of virulence genes. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of known virulence determinants and determine which genes are linked to increased pathogenicity in humans. A core set of 18 genes or gene variants were found in all strains, while seven genes were variably present. This suggests that the majority of VTEC O157:H7 found in Swedish cattle carry a broad repertoire of virulence genes and should be considered potentially harmful to humans. A single virulence gene type was significantly associated with strains linked to human disease cases (P=0.012), but no genetic trait to explain the increased virulence of this genotype could be found.
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