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- Andersson, Dennis, 1980-
(author)
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Mission Experience : How to Model and Capture it to Enable Vicarious Learning
- 2013
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Organizations for humanitarian assistance, disaster response and military activities are characterized by their special role in society to resolve time-constrained and potentially life-threatening situations. The tactical missions that these organizations conduct regularly are significantly dynamic in character, and sometimes impossible to fully comprehend and predict. In these situations, when control becomes opportunistic, the organizations are forced to rely on the collective experience of their personnel to respond effectively to the unfolding threats. Generating such experience through traditional means of training, exercising and apprenticeship, is expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to manage.This thesis explores how and why mission experience should be utilized in emergency management and military organizations to improve performance. A multimedia approach for capturing mission experience has further been tested in two case studies to determine how the commanders’ experiences can be externalized to enable vicarious learning. These studies propose a set of technical, methodological, and ethical issues that need to be considered when externalizing mission experience, based on two aforementioned case studies complemented by a literature review. The presented outcomes are (1) a model aligning abilities that tactical organizations need when responding to dynamic situations of different familiarity, (2) a review of the usefulness of several different data sources for externalization of commanders’ experiences from tactical operations, and (3) a review of methodological, technical, and ethical issues to consider when externalizing tactical military and emergency management operations. The results presented in this thesis indicate that multimedia approaches for capturing mission histories can indeed complement training and exercising as a method for generating valuable experience from tactical missions.
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| 2. |
- Dijkstra, Erik J.
(author)
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Constrained Optimization for Prediction of Posture
- 2016
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The ability to stand still in one place is important in a variety of activities of daily living. For persons with motion disorders, orthopaedic treatment, which changes geometric or biomechanical properties, can improve the individual'sposture and walking ability. Decisions on such treatment require insight in how posture and walking ability are aected, however, despite expectations based on experience, it is never a-priori known how a patient will react to a treatment. As this is very challenging to observe by the naked eye, engineering tools are increasingly employed to support clinical diagnostics and treatment planning. The development of predictive simulations allows for the evaluation of the eect of changed biomechanical parameters on the human biological system behavior and could become a valuable tool in future clinical decision making. In the first paper, we evaluated the use of the Zero Moment Point as a computationally inexpensive tool to obtain the ground reaction forces (GRFs) for normal human gait. The method was applied on ten healthy subjects walking in a motion analysis laboratory and predicted GRFs are evaluated against the simultaneously measured force plate data. Apart from the antero-posterior forces, GRFs are well-predicted and errors fall within the error ranges from other published methods. The computationally inexpensive method evaluated in this study can reasonably well predict the GRFs for normal human gait without using prior knowledge of common gait kinetics. The second manuscript addresses the complications in the creation and analysis of a posture prediction framework. The fmincon optimization function in MATLAB was used in conjunction with a musculoskeletal model in OpenSim. One clear local minimum was found in the form of a symmetric standing posture but perturbation analyses revealed the presence of many other postural congurations, each representing its own unique local minimum in the feasible parameter space. For human postural stance, this can translate to there being many different ways of standing without actually noticing a difference in the efforts required for these poses.
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