| 1. |
- Månsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and overcoming obstacles in adaptive management
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38:1, s. 55-71
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive management (AM) is widely promoted to improve management of natural resources, yet its implementation is challenging. We show that obstacles to the implementation of AM are related not only to the AM process per se but also to external factors such as ecosystem properties and governance systems. To overcome obstacles, there is a need to build capacities within the AM process by ensuring adequate resources, management tools, collaboration, and learning. Additionally, building capacities in the legal and institutional frames can enable the necessary flexibility in the governance system. Furthermore, in systems experiencing profound changes in wildlife populations, building such capacities may be even more critical as more flexibility will be needed to cope with increased uncertainty and changed environmental conditions.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dalianis, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Management of BK-virus infection - Swedish recommendations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 51:7, s. 479-484
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BK-virus (BKV) associated nephropathy (BKVAN) and BKV associated haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) are complications of BKV infection/reactivation in renal and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients, respectively. The task of how to manage these diseases was given to the chair by the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV). After individual contributions by members of the working group, consensus discussions were held in a meeting on 23 January 2018 arranged by RAV. Thereafter, the recommendations were published in Swedish on November 2018. The current translation to English has been approved by all co-authors. High BKV serum levels suggest an increased risk for BKVAN and potential graft failure. For detection of BKVAN, careful monitoring of BKV DNA levels in serum or plasma is recommended the first year after renal transplantation and when increased creatinine serum levels of unknown cause are observed. Notably, a renal biopsy is mandatory for diagnosis. To reduce the risk for progression of BKVAN, there is no specific treatment, and tailored individual decrease of immunosuppression is recommended. For BKV-HC, BKV monitoring is not recommended, since BK-viruria frequently occurs in HSCT patients and the predictive value of BKV in plasma/serum has not been determined. However, the risk for BKV-HC is higher for patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning, having an unrelated, HLA-mismatched, or a cord blood donor, and awareness of the increased risk and early intervention may benefit the patients. Also for BKV-HC, no specific therapy is available. Symptomatic treatment, e.g. forced diuresis and analgesics could be of use.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Britas Klemens, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Altered Offshore Food Webs on Coastal Ecosystems Emphasize the Need for Cross-Ecosystem Management
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 40:7, s. 786-797
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- By mainly targeting larger predatory fish, commercial fisheries have indirectly promoted rapid increases in densities of their prey; smaller predatory fish like sprat, stickleback and gobies. This process, known as mesopredator release, has effectively transformed many marine offshore basins into mesopredator-dominated ecosystems. In this article, we discuss recent indications of trophic cascades on the Atlantic and Baltic coasts of Sweden, where increased abundances of mesopredatory fish are linked to increased nearshore production and biomass of ephemeral algae. Based on synthesis of monitoring data, we suggest that offshore exploitation of larger predatory fish has contributed to the increase in mesopredator fish also along the coasts, with indirect negative effects on important benthic habitats and coastal water quality. The results emphasize the need to rebuild offshore and coastal populations of larger predatory fish to levels where they regain their control over lower trophic levels and important links between offshore and coastal systems are restored.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Neurocognitive Architecture of Working Memory
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : CELL PRESS. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 88:1, s. 33-46
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A crucial role for working memory in temporary information processing and guidance of complex behavior has been recognized for many decades. There is emerging consensus that working-memory maintenance results from the interactions among long-term memory representations and basic processes, including attention, that are instantiated as reentrant loops between frontal and posterior cortical areas, as well as sub-cortical structures. The nature of such interactions can account for capacity limitations, lifespan changes, and restricted transfer after working-memory training. Recent data and models indicate that working memory may also be based on synaptic plasticity and that working memory can operate on non-consciously perceived information.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Jan W., et al.
(författare)
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Registry-based randomised clinical trials : a remedy for evidence-based diabetes care?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Nature. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 65:10, s. 1575-1586
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This narrative review describes a new approach to navigation in a challenging landscape of clinical drug development in diabetes. Successful outcome studies in recent years have led to new indications and guidelines in type 2 diabetes, yet the number of clinical trials in diabetes is now declining. This is due to many environmental factors acting in concert, including the prioritisation of funding for other diseases, high costs of large randomised clinical trials, increase in regulatory requirements and limited entry of novel candidate drugs. There is a need for novel and cost-effective paradigms of clinical development to meet these and other challenges. The concept of registry-based randomised clinical trials (RRCTs) is an attractive option. In this review we focus on type 2 diabetes and the prevention of cardiovascular and microvascular comorbidities and mortality, using the Swedish SMARTEST trial as an example of an RRCT. We also give some examples from other disease areas. The RRCT concept is a novel, cost-effective and scientifically sound approach for conducting large-scale diabetes trials in a real-world setting.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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A review of ichthyosaur (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) soft tissues with implications for life reconstructions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 226
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dolphin-like ichthyosaurs – also known as ‘fish lizards’ – are extinct marine reptiles that roamed the Mesozoic oceans for some 160 million years. As for most ancient vertebrates, our knowledge of these iconic animals largely derives from biomineralized hard parts (teeth and bones). However, soft tissues are also known from a number of Lagerstätte specimens, and have opened up new avenues for deciphering their biology and ecology. Herein, we present a review of ichthyosaur research and life style iconography with particular focus on soft-tissue structures and inferences made from these, including aspects of coloration and thermoregulation. We then distill novel insights on ichthyosaur anatomy and physiology gained from an exceptionally preserved, sub-adult specimen of the parvipelvian Stenopterygius from the Jurassic Posidonia Shale in Germany, and describe the process in which a detailed, three-dimensional reconstruction in scale 1:1 was produced. Our new sculpture is based on empirical evidence obtained directly from the fossil record, including uniquely preserved soft-tissue structures (e.g., original pigments and blubber), resulting in the scientifically most up-to-date reconstruction of an ichthyosaur currently available.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Successful Treatment of AA Amyloidosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Tocilizumab: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X. ; 8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historically, secondary amyloidosis has been a feared complication of chronic inflammatory conditions. The fibril protein AA derives from the acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA). Long-term elevation of SAA levels remains a major risk factor for the development of AA amyloidosis in rheumatic diseases, and the prognosis may be unpredictable. Nowadays, with increased availability of effective biological agents, the incidence of AA amyloidosis seems to be declining. Still, genetically predisposed subjects with slowly progressive disease and mild symptoms combined with ongoing systemic inflammation may be at risk. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the drivers of SAA release and effectiveness of the humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (TCZ) for the treatment of AA amyloidosis has been observed in some rheumatic conditions. Herein, we report two male subjects with longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS) complicated by renal amyloidosis who received TCZ with rapid and beneficial effects regarding inflammation and proteinuria. To the best of our knowledge, the use of TCZ in AS patients with this extra-articular manifestation has not previously been described. The paper includes histopathology, clinical follow-up, and longitudinal data of the two cases along with a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Mechanisms behind amyloid-mediated tissue damage and organ dysfunction are discussed. Altogether, our data highlight that blocking IL-6 signaling may represent a promising therapeutic option in patients with renal AA amyloidosis.
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| 10. |
- Freckmann, Guido, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Performance Evaluation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems : A Scoping Review and Recommendations for Reporting
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. - : Sage Publications. - 1932-2968. ; 17:6, s. 1506-1526
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of different approaches for design and results presentation of studies for the clinical performance evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems has long been recognized as a major challenge in comparing their results. However, a comprehensive characterization of the variability in study designs is currently unavailable. This article presents a scoping review of clinical CGM performance evaluations published between 2002 and 2022. Specifically, this review quantifies the prevalence of numerous options associated with various aspects of study design, including subject population, comparator (reference) method selection, testing procedures, and statistical accuracy evaluation. We found that there is a large variability in nearly all of those aspects and, in particular, in the characteristics of the comparator measurements. Furthermore, these characteristics as well as other crucial aspects of study design are often not reported in sufficient detail to allow an informed interpretation of study results. We therefore provide recommendations for reporting the general study design, CGM system use, comparator measurement approach, testing procedures, and data analysis/statistical performance evaluation. Additionally, this review aims to serve as a foundation for the development of a standardized CGM performance evaluation procedure, thereby supporting the goals and objectives of the Working Group on CGM established by the Scientific Division of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.
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