| 1. |
- Engström, Emma, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Global variations in online privacy concerns across 57 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computers in Human Behavior Reports. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2451-9588 .- 0747-5632 .- 1873-7692. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-cultural studies have found national differences in how concerned people are about online privacy. However, it has not yet been settled what causes this variation, and several factors have been proposed in the literature, including internet habituation, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance. Here we investigate these factors by two studies. In the first, we examine the association between online privacy concerns and a new measure of online self-disclosure norms that we introduce. We find that this measure is significantly associated with two established instruments of online privacy concerns in the literature. In the second, we analyze previously unpublished data from a questionnaire on online self-disclosure norms as assessed by this new measure. It includes replies from 18,046 adult respondents from 57 countries and six continents. We find that norms in favor of more restrictive online self-disclosure are weaker in countries with higher levels of internet penetration (r = −0.56, p < .001). Our findings suggest that higher internet penetration in a country reduces online privacy concerns. The results support the idea that habituation to online environments decreases privacy risk perceptions. An implication is that preferences for online privacy are likely to decline over time in countries where internet penetration is still low. Lastly, in conflict with previous studies, our analyses do not support the theory that online privacy concerns are associated with national cultures related to individualism or uncertainty avoidance as measured by Hofstede's indices.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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The Relation Between Gender Egalitarian Values and Gender Differences in Academic Achievement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender differences in achievement exhibit variation between domains and between countries. Much prior research has examined whether this variation could be due to variation in gender equality in opportunities, with mixed results. Here we focus instead on the role of a society's values about gender equality, which may have a more pervasive influence. We pooled all available country measures on adolescent boys' and girls' academic achievement between 2000 and 2015 from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assessments of math, science, and reading. We then analyzed the relation between gender differences and country levels of gender egalitarian values, controlling for country levels of living standards and indicators of gender equality in opportunities. Gender egalitarian values came out as the most important predictor. Specifically, more gender egalitarian values were associated with improved performance of boys relative to girls in the same countries. This pattern held in reading, where boys globally perform substantially worse than girls, as well as in math and science where gender differences in performance are small and may favor either boys or girls. Our findings suggest a previously underappreciated role of cultural values in moderating gender gaps in academic achievement.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Effektiva insatser för unga kvinnor som utsatts för sexuellt våld? : resultat från en pilotstudie
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 2002 bedriver Järva Ungdomsmottagning en gruppverksamhet kallad ”NOOR-grupper”. Målgruppen är unga kvinnor 15-22 år som utsatts för sexuellt våld och kommit ur den akuta krisfasen. Insatsen pågår i cirka 13 veckor och sätter våldet och dess konsekvenser i fokus. Detta är en gruppintervention med både bearbetande och pedagogiska inslag. Den presenteras å ena sidan inte som en traumabearbetande insats och det finns inte heller något uttalat inklusionskriterium att gruppdeltagarna ska ha uppvisat någon form av symptom på posttraumatisk stress, samtidigt som arbetet å andra sidan är tydligt influerat av traumateori.Papret presenterar de första resultaten från en pilotstudie av insatsen. Studien bygger på strukturerade underlag om situation, våldsutsatthet, psykisk ohälsa generellt och traumasymptom specifikt före och efter grupp samt sex månader efter avslutad grupp, samt på brukarvärderingar och behandlarbedömningar av insatsen och intervjuer med deltagarna 6 månader efter att gruppen avslutades. I studien ingår deltagare från tre olika grupper under perioden 2013 - 2014, totalt 15 unga kvinnor. För att ge kunskap om vilka av mottagningens brukare som rekryteras till grupperna har också bakgrundsdata inhämtats om nybesök under perioden augusti – december 2013. Totalt har data om bakgrund och våldsutsatthet inhämtats för 69 unga kvinnor.I presentationen ligger fokus dels på vilka unga kvinnor som gått i NOOR-grupp, sett i förhållande till den bredare gruppen unga kvinnor som kommer till Järva Ungdomsmottagning, dels vilka tecken på psykisk ohälsa och traumasymptom gruppdeltagarna uppvisar och hur dessa tecken förändras över tid.Resultaten bekräftar att NOOR-gruppen når en specifik del av Ungdomsmottagningens våldsutsatta brukare. De våldsutsatta kvinnor som deltar i NOOR-grupp har i hög grad svensk bakgrund och relationerna till förövarna är blandade, med ungefär hälften bekanta, medan de våldsutsatta unga kvinnor som inte deltar i NOOR-grupp i högre grad har utländsk bakgrund och förövaren är ofta någon i familjen.När det gäller tecken på psykisk ohälsa och trauma visade de unga kvinnornas självskattningar före gruppstart höga nivåer av besvär. I jämförelse med ett svenskt representativt ungdomsmaterial bestående av 2,305 kvinnor i åldrarna 17-23 år och ett material med diagnostiserade patientgrupper med kvinnor i olika åldrar från olika enheter i Sverige låg undersökningsgruppen högre när det gäller generella besvär och antalet symtom, både jämfört med normeringsgruppen och den diagnostiserade gruppen, även om måttet som indikerar djupet av upplevda problem var lägre (NOOR-deltagarna har fler symptom generellt, men inte så allvarliga). Av 11 deltagare där det finns kompletta data om traumasymptom före gruppstart indikerade självskattningarna från 9 av dem att de sannolikt led av posttraumatisk stress och hade ett behandlingsbehov.Analysen av förändring över tid visar bland annat att det går att se en tydligare förbättring när det gäller psykisk ohälsa generellt, än traumasymtom specifikt. Implikationerna av dessa resultat för fortsatt utvecklingsarbete diskuteras i presentationen.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Using VR to improve the design of assembly tasks and increase task efficiency
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign. - : The Design Society. - 9789176851852
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss how theories of vision, touch, sound, and learning behavior can form a basis for the development of a testbed through which real-life task performance can be compared with task performance in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. By taking a multisensory approach, it will be possible to simulate the functionalities of a real training setting in a VR environment. Approaching this problem from a theoretical perspective, we will view it from a new angle and discuss whether we can enhance and nuance feedback in the virtual experience through the use of ambient media like sound, scent, heat, and wind. Sound may hold a great potential here. For visual perception, it is not only crucial that we can see relationships but that we are also able to search for patterns that we recognize. If an object is taken outside its context, its meaning can easily shift. To see is to search for patterns, but vision is also dependent on our experience of other senses. We can imagine how a given surface might feel by looking at a representation of the object, and this is because of previous tactile experiences with similar objects. From a technical perspective, integrating sound in a virtual environment is a straightforward process. Research shows that the process of learning a series of physical actions can be enhanced when it occurs in parallel with verbal or written information. In the literature, this phenomenon is described in terms of enactment or subject-performed tasks. Based on theories regarding vision, touch, sound and learning behavior, we suggest the design of a testbed that can be used in a pilot study aimed at increasing knowledge on how VR and AR can support learning in an assembly or installation context in order to produce guidelines for such an environment.
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| 8. |
- Knezevic, Zlatana, 1984-
(författare)
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Child (Bio)Welfare and Beyond : Intersecting Injustices in Childhoods and Swedish Child Welfare
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current thesis discusses how tools for analysing power are developed predominately for adults, and thus remain underdeveloped in terms of understanding injustices related to age, ethnicity/race and gender in childhoods. The overall ambition of this dissertation is to inscribe a discourse of intersecting social injustices as relevant for childhoods and child welfare, and by interlinking postcolonial, feminist, and critical childhood studies. The dissertation is set empirically within the policy and practice of Swedish child welfare, here exemplified by the assessment framework Barns Behov i Centrum (BBIC). It aims to explore how Swedish child welfare, as a field of knowledge, modes of knowing and knowing subjects, constitutes an arena for claims and responses to intersecting social justice issues.The material consists of BBIC primers and selected samples from, a total of 283 case reports from a Swedish social service agency. The case reports address assessments of children (0–12 years of age). This dissertation is based on four qualitative studies using discourse analysis, as well as analysis inspired by thematic and case-study methodology. Two studies focus on child welfare discourses in BBIC documents involving social problems and violence, and two studies are based on child welfare case reports.Studies I-II address child welfare policy and practice by analysing the conditions required for children to participate, in terms of children’s moral status and in terms of status of ‘evidencing’ needs for protection. Studies III-IV explore this further from the perspective of intersecting and embodied social injustices in childhoods. Together, the studies interconnect child welfare as a field of knowledge, modes of knowing and knowers with child welfare as a moral arena for claims to rights, recognition, and social justice.The synthesised findings point to child biowelfare, in which justice discourses are largely absent. Biowelfare is informed by a mode of knowing and ‘evidencing’ risks to children’s health and development, which are confined to scientific predicting-believing, seeing-believing by professionals and a moral economy of care, all of which constrain the idea that injustices are structural and intersecting. Biowelfare primarily responds to children as ‘speaking’ biological bodies, rather than as voices of justice. In this sense, injustices of an epistemological nature are interconnected with social injustices. When issues of justice are mobilised in case reports and policy, they come across as rather ‘unjust’, primarily confined to the sphere of the family home of racialised children and not connected to ‘general’ children. In addition to intersections of age, ethnicity/race and gender, class and health are fundamental to recognition and protection in biowelfare. Finally, the dissertation indicates the need for a moral economy which responds to intersecting social injustices such as racial, gender-based and ageist violence in childhoods, and violations of children’s bodily integrity.Key words: biowelfare, child protection, child welfare, critical childhood studies, critical social work, embodiment, epistemic injustice, epistemology, feminist theory, intersectionality, justice subjectivity, moral economy, moral subjectivity, participation, postcolonial theory, poststructural social work, social justice, violence
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| 9. |
- Sjölinder, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Technology for Prolonged Independent Life : A Pilot Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783031615450 ; 14726 LNCS, s. 98-111
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes a system approach to implementation of future health and welfare technology aiming at prolonging independent life. A study was conducted where different relevant stakeholders such as older adults, care staff, managers, and decision makers were interviewed about their visions and attitudes towards the use of technology in a future context. Further, the paper elaborates on how information design can contribute to the understanding of different needs and how it can be applied in the development of health and welfare technology that empowers future older adults and contribute to a prolonged independent life. Finally, communication and interaction design are discussed in relationship to the usage of future health and welfare technology.
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