| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Swarén, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing method for objective evaluation of cross-country ski poles
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Sports Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1369-7072 .- 1460-2687. ; 16:4, s. 255-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to develop an objective classification method for cross-country ski poles. A test device was designed to expose different pole models to maximal loading and impact tests. A load cell measured the axial forces in the pole shafts, and a laser distance meter measured shaft deflection when a load was applied via the wrist strap. In the loading tests, each shaft reached a plateau where no more force could be transferred. This maximal force transfer (MFT) value was a characteristic measure for flexural rigidity and thereby also strength. The developed test method enables a loading that is more similar to real-life skiing than a standard three-point bending test. Results show that the introduction of shaft indices for buckling strength is beneficial for comparison purposes. The MFT is a relevant parameter used in the characterization of poles.
|
|
| 3. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of galling resistance for some selected combinations of tool steels / stainless steel sheet materials/ lubricants using pin-on-disc testing
- 2010
-
Ingår i: NordTrib 2010. - Storforsen.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stainless steels are well known to be prone to cold welding and material transfer in sliding contacts and therefore difficult to cold form unless certain precautions as discussed in this paper are taken. In the present study different combinations of tool steels/stainless steels/lubricants has been evaluated with respect to their galling resistance using pin-on-disc testing. The results show that a high galling resistance is favored by a high stainless steel sheet hardness and a blasted stainless steel sheet surface topography. The effect of type of lubricant was found to be more complex. For example, the chlorinated lubricants failed to prevent metal-to-metal contact on a brushed sheet surface but succeeded on a blasted sheet surface of the same stainless steel material. This is believed to be due to a protective tribofilm which is able to form on the blasted surface, but not on the brushed surface.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tribological testing of commercial CrN, (Ti,Al)N and CrC/C PVD coatings : Evaluation of galling and wear characteristics against different high strength steels.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - Lausanne : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 205:16, s. 4045-4051
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing use of high strength steels in a variety of mechanical engineering applications has illuminatedproblems associated with galling in sheet metal forming operations. Galling is a tribological phenomenonassociated with transfer of material from the steel sheet to the tool surface during forming resulting in seizureof the tool/steel sheet contact and extensive scratching of the steel sheet surface. As a result, a number ofconcepts have been developed in order to reduce the tendency of galling in sheet metal forming, including thedevelopment of new dry lubricants, new forming tool steel grades and improved surface engineeringtreatments such as the deposition of low friction CVD- and PVD-coatings. In the present study the potentialperformance of three commercial PVD coatings, including CrN, (Ti,Al)N and a CrC/C DLC-based coating, in theforming of hot and cold rolled high strength steel as well as electro and hot-dip galvanized high strength steelhas been evaluated using pin-on-disc testing under lubricated contact conditions. Post-test examination ofthe tribosurfaces using FEG-SEM and EDS analyses was performed in order to evaluate the mechanismscontrolling the tendency to material transfer and wear. The results show that in contact with the hot and coldrolled steel the material pick-up tendency of the PVD coatings tend to increase in the order CrC/C–CrN–(Ti,Al)N while in contact with the two galvanized steel sheets, the CrC/C and the (Ti,Al)N coating show a significantlylower material pick-up tendency as compared with the CrN coating. Further, the substrate hardness has astrong influence on the wear of the PVD coatings and consequently on the friction characteristics and gallingtendency of the coating/substrate composite. Low substrate hardness, resulting in a low load bearing capacity,increases the tendency to cracking and subsequently chipping of the brittle coating.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eriksson, Owen, et al.
(författare)
-
Commitment Management in the Context of Parallel Business Transactions
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Systems, Signs & Actions. - : Linköpings Universitet. - 1652-8719. ; 3:1, s. 25-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to maintain market position, one of the critical issues facing companies is how they can improve their commitment management. In this paper, the concept of commitment management is used to understand how suppliers and customers create mutual commitments in business agreements, and how these commitments are fulfilled. In a number of empirical case studies, commitment management problems have been the direct consequence of deficiencies in the infrastructural support. One example of such lacking infrastructural support are IT systems intended to support this commitment management process. This is of particular interest in a context of commitments created in parallel business transactions that compete for the same delivery capacity. The aim of the paper is to describe, analyse and propose solutions to some of these problems. This paper proposes a necessary extension to a framework for business interaction between suppliers and customers. This extension is based on business action theory, workpractice theory and ideas from yield management.
|
|
| 9. |
- Karlsson, Patrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Galling resistance evaluation of tool steels by two different laboratory test methods for sheet metal forming
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Lubrication Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-0075 .- 1557-6833. ; 24:6, s. 263-272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adhesive accumulation of work material on the tool surface is today a major problem in many sheet metal-forming applications. Different laboratory test methods are used to investigate galling with respect to different tool materials, lubricants and process conditions. In the present study, the galling resistance of a modern nitrogen-alloyed powder metallurgy tool steel and an conventional ingot cast D2 type tool steel was evaluated under lubricated sliding against ferritic stainless steel sheets using a commercial pin-on-disc (POD) and an in-house made slider-on-flat-surface (SOFS) tribotester. The investigated tool steels ranked similarly in terms of galling resistanc in both test methods. However, sliding distances to galling were longer for the SOFS equipment due to continuous sliding on new lubricated sheet surface. Best performance was demonstrated by the powder metallurgy tool steel treated to 65 HRC. Differences in friction behaviour and galling initiation were analysed on the basis of the two different working conditions, i.e. open (SOFS) and closed (POD) tribosystems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
