| 1. |
- Arora, Geeti P, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic and genotypic differences between Indian and Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes mellitus
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 286:2, s. 192-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient form of diabetes characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action during pregnancy. Population-based differences in prevalence exist which could be explained by phenotypic and genetic differences. The aim of this study was to examine these differences in pregnant women from Punjab, India and Scandinavia.METHODS: 85 GDM/T2D loci in European and/or Indian populations from previous studies were assessed for association with GDM based on Swedish GDM criteria in 4018 Punjabi Indian and 507 Swedish pregnant women. Selected loci were replicated in Scandinavian cohorts, Radiel (N=398, Finnish), STORK/STORK-G (N=780, Norwegian).RESULTS: Punjabi Indian women had higher GDM prevalence, lower insulin secretion and better insulin sensitivity than Swedish women. There were significant frequency differences of GDM/T2D risk alleles between both populations. rs7178572 at HMG20A, previously associated with GDM in South Indian and European women was replicated in North Indian women. The T2D risk SNP rs11605924 in the CRY2 gene was associated with increased GDM risk in Scandinavian but decreased risk in Punjabi Indian women. No other overlap was seen between GDM loci in both populations.CONCLUSIONS: GDM is more common in Indian than Swedish women, which partially can be attributed to differences in insulin secretion and action. There was marked heterogeneity in the GDM phenotypes between the populations which could only partially be explained by genetic differences. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Awad, Amar, et al.
(författare)
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Preserved somatosensory conduction in complete spinal cord injury : Discomplete SCI
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 1388-2457 .- 1872-8952. ; 131:5, s. 1059-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the communication between brain and body parts innervated from below-injury spinal segments, but rarely results in complete anatomical transection of the spinal cord. The aim of this study was to investigate residual somatosensory conduction in clinically complete SCI, to corroborate the concept of sensory discomplete SCI.Methods: We used fMRI with a somatosensory protocol in which blinded and randomized tactile and nociceptive stimulation was applied on both legs (below-injury level) and one arm (above-injury level) in eleven participants with chronic complete SCI. The experimental design accounts for possible confounding mechanical (e.g. vibration) and cortico-cortical top-down mechanisms (e.g. attention/expectation).Results: Somatosensory stimulation on below-level insensate body regions activated the somatotopically corresponding part of the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex in six out of eleven participants.Conclusions: Our results represent afferent-driven cortical activation through preserved somatosensory connections to the brain in a subgroup of participants with clinically complete SCI, i.e. sensory discomplete SCI.Significance: Identifying patients with residual somatosensory connections might open the door for new rehabilitative and restorative strategies as well as inform research on SCI-related conditions such as neuropathic pain and spasticity.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Changing Zaire to Congo : The fate of no-longer relevant mnemonic information.
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 101, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an ever-changing world there is constant pressure on revising long-term memory, such when people or countries change name. What happens to the old, pre-existing information? One possibility is that old associations gradually are weakened and eventually lost. Alternatively, old and no longer relevant information may still be an integral part of memory traces. To test the hypothesis that old mnemonic information still becomes activated when people correctly retrieve new, currently relevant information, brain activity was measured with fMRI while participants performed a cued-retrieval task. Paired associates (symbol-sound and symbol-face pairs) were first learned during two days. Half of the associations were then updated during the next two days, followed by fMRI scanning on day 5 and also 18months later. As expected, retrieval reactivated sensory cortex related to the most recently learned association (visual cortex for symbol-face pairs, auditory cortex for symbol-sound pairs). Critically, retrieval also reactivated sensory cortex related to the no-longer relevant associate. Eighteen months later, only non-updated symbol-face associations were intact. Intriguingly, a subset of the updated associations was now treated as though the original association had taken over, in that memory performance was significantly worse than chance and that activity in sensory cortex for the original but not the updated associate correlated (negatively) with performance. Moreover, the degree of "residual" reactivation during day 5 inversely predicted memory performance 18months later. Thus, updating of long-term memory involves adding new information to already existing networks, in which old information can stay resilient for a long time.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Technocracy, Politicization and Non-involvement : Politics of Expertise in the European Regulation of Chemicals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Review of Policy Research. - : Wiley. - 1541-132X .- 1541-1338. ; 27:2, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the relationship between scientific expertise and policy in European chemicals regulation. We argue that the role of scientific expertise in the European regulation of chemicals varies across decision-making levels, countries, and stages of the policy process. Our case study of the role of scientific expertise in the regulation of brominated flame retardants illustrates considerably different manifestations of this interconnected process across regulatory arenas, even though this case concerns a single group of substances. On the European Union level, we find a mix of technocracy and politicization; in Sweden, a clear-cut politicization; and in Poland, noninvolvement. Such differences can be explained by a combination of factors, in particular frame dominance, and mobilization of advocacy coalitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Using Timber in a multi-body design environment to develop reliable embedded software
- 2008
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Ingår i: Intelligent vehicle iniative (IVI) technology controls and navigation systems, 2008. - Warrendale, Pa. : Society of Automotive Engineers, Incorporated. - 9780768020359 - 768020352 - 0768020352
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge for the automotive industry is to reduce the development time while meeting quality assessments for their products. This calls for new design methodologies and tools that scale with the increasing amount and complexity of embedded systems in today's vehicles.In this paper we undertake an approach to embedded software design based on executable models expressed in the high-level modelling paradigm of Timber. In this paper we extend previous work on Timber with a multi-paradigm design environment, aiming to bridge the gap between engineering disciplines by multi-body co-simulation of vehicle dynamics, embedded electronics, and embedded executable models. Its feasibility is demonstrated on a case study of a typical automotive application (traction control), and its potential advantages are discussed, as highlighted below:shorter time to market through concurrent, co-operative distributed engineering, andreduced cost through adequate system design and dimensioning, andimproved efficiency of the design process through migration and reuse of executable software components, andreduced need for hardware testing, by specification verification on the executable model early in the design process, andimproved quality, by opening up for formal methods for verification.
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| 7. |
- Heimstad, Eldbjørg Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative structure-Photodegradation relationships of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phenoxyphenols and selected organochlorines
- 2009
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 77:7, s. 914-921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among other developments, the technological revolution has lead to introduction of new chemicals to better serve in instruments and materials. The consequences of the extensive increase in use of new chemicals can be detected in the environment world wide, i.e. in wildlife and humans. To ensure this problem to be minimised in the future, new chemicals need to be subjected to predictive assessments before commercialised. To facilitate screening, qualitative structure-activity relationships, quantitative structure-activity relationships may be applied to describe reactivity of chemicals. Physico-chemical properties of chemicals such as partition coefficients and half-lives for the various environmental compartments are essential input data in multimedia environmental fate models. In this study we examine how structural characteristics can quantitatively describe laboratory determined photolytic half-lives of halogenated compounds of different classes, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), and other organohalogens. A total of 30 chemicals with experimentally measured half-lives are used. Results reveal that the most important descriptors for describing the half-lives of the brominated compounds are the energy gap (GAP-1) between HOMO-1 and LUMO, the lowest partial charge on a halogen atom (Qhal-), topological polar surface area (TPSA), the atom with highest radical superdelocalizability (Rad-super+) and LUMO density (LUMO+).
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| 8. |
- Mårtensson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 63:1, s. 240-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of adult foreign-language acquisition on human brain organization is poorly understood. We studied cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes of conscript interpreters before and after three months of intense language studies. Results revealed increases in hippocampus volume and in cortical thickness of the left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for interpreters relative to controls. The right hippocampus and the left superior temporal gyrus were structurally more malleable in interpreters acquiring higher proficiency in the foreign language. Interpreters struggling relatively more to master the language displayed larger gray matter increases in the middle frontal gyrus. These findings confirm structural changes in brain regions known to serve language functions during foreign-language acquisition.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mårtensson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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White matter microstructure predicts foreign language learning in army interpreters
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bilingualism. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1366-7289 .- 1469-1841. ; 23:4, s. 763-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult foreign language acquisition is challenging, and the degree of success varies among individuals. Anatomical differences in brain structure prior to training can partly explain why some learn more than others. We followed a sample of conscript interpreters undergoing intense language training to study learning-related changes in white-matter microstructure (FA, MD, RD and AD) and associations between differences in brain structure prior to training with acquired language proficiency. No evidence for changes in white matter microstructure relative to a control group was found. Starting values of RD, AD and MD were positively related to final test scores of language proficiency, corroborating earlier findings in the field and highlighting the need for further study of how initial brain structure influences and interacts with learning outcomes.
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