| 1. |
- Baghaei, Fariba, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of women in relation to personality traits.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International journal of behavioral medicine. - 1070-5503. ; 10:4, s. 365-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associations were examined in women between personality traits and steroid hormones, particularly androgens, as well as polymorphisms in genes regulating androgen concentration and effects. Women, all 42 years of age and premenopausal (n = 270), were recruited randomly. Conventional "masculine" and "feminine" personality traits were examined by questionnaire and set in relation to psychosocial and socioeconomic conditions, behavior in childhood, hormones, risk factors for disease, and polymorphisms in microsatellites in the CYP aromatase and the androgen receptor gene. The proportions of personality traits considered as being dominated by "masculinity" (M) or "femininity" (F) were 44.9%, respectively 15.0%, the rest consisting of a combination of M and F (33.2%) or "undifferentiated" (6.9%). M characteristics were positively associated with education, sporting, self-confidence, and good adaptation to work situation. M scores correlated with reports of "tomboyism" as girls. There was essentially no difference in hormones or disease risk factors between M and F women. The number of (CAG) repeats in the microsatellite of the transactivating domain of the androgen receptor was 19 (2.3; M and SD). M characteristics were more pronounced in the presence of longer repeat stretches (n > 20). No associations were found with F scores. There were no significant associations to the number of tetranucleotide repeats (TTTA) in the fourth introne of the aromatase gene. It was concluded that a majority of women showed M type of personality traits, associated with normal hormones, somatic health, and a long microsatellite in the transactivating domain of the AR gene.
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| 2. |
- Baghaei, Fariba, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The CYP19 gene and associations with androgens and abdominal obesity in premenopausal women.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Obesity research. - : Wiley. - 1071-7323. ; 11:4, s. 578-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Elevated androgens in women are associated with type 2 diabetes and are dependent on the conversion to estrogens by aromatase cytochrome P450. Polymorphisms of a tetranucleotide repeat [TTTA](n) in the fourth intron of the CYP19 gene are associated with endocrine-dependent diseases and were examined in relation to hormone levels and disease risk factors in premenopausal women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A population sample of women born in 1956 (n = 270) were genotyped for this polymorphism and the results set in relation to steroid hormones, including saliva cortisol, anthropometric variables, estimates of insulin, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Seven tetranucleotide repeat [TTTA](n) alleles were detected with allelic sizes of 168 to 195 bp, with a TCT deletion/insertion (168/171 bp) upstream of this microsatellite. Smoking was associated with elevated androgens (p = 0.005 to 0.019). Using the median (average stretch, 177.5 bp) as a dividing line, nonsmoking women with the shorter microsatellite had higher free testosterone (p = 0.018) and lower sex hormone binding globulin (p = 0.033). These differences were pronounced with the 168-bp allele. Such women were also characterized by a less-substantial decrease of morning cortisols ("unwinding"; p = 0.035) and central obesity (abdominal sagittal diameter, p = 0.049) and had waist/hip circumference ratios of borderline significance (p = 0.064). DISCUSSION: The results indicate that, in premenopausal women, a short microsatellite in the fourth intron of the CYP19 gene, caused by a TCT deletion upstream the [TTTA](n) tract, is associated with elevated androgens, perturbed regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and abdominal obesity.
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| 3. |
- Baghaei, Fariba, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The lean woman.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Obesity research. - : Wiley. - 1071-7323. ; 10:2, s. 115-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In the current obesity epidemic, the ability to remain lean is beginning to be uncommon. Therefore, it was considered of interest to characterize such subjects. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: From a population of premenopausal women (n = 270), all 40 years of age, those with a similar body mass index (BMI) as women at the age of 21 years, born the same year (BMI = 21.1 kg/m(2)) were selected among nonsmokers and compared with the remaining nonsmoking women. RESULTS: Lean women showed, as expected, low waist-to-hip circumference ratio and abdominal sagittal diameter as well as absence of other disease risk factors. Compared with the remaining women, 17 beta-estradiol was high and androgens were low, whereas insulin-like growth factor I and thyroid hormones showed no differences. Dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate was lower, whereas cortisol, measured in saliva repeatedly over a day, and adrenocorticotropin hormone were not different. Results from questionnaires indicated higher education and socioeconomic status, frequent sports activities, and better psychosocial adaptation and psychological health. A tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the fourth [corrected] intron of the aromatase P450 gene was longer among the lean (187 base pairs) than the rest of the women. Women with opposite phylogenetic characteristic have a short microsatellite (168 base pairs) in this gene locus. DISCUSSION: Lean, nonsmoking women enjoy an excellent health in not only anthropometric and metabolic factors, but also in neuroendocrine, endocrine, and psychological variables. The endocrine measurements suggest a well-functioning aromatase, which in turn might have a genetic background, contributing to health. The aromatase gene might be important for regulation of body fat mass.
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| 4. |
- Dahlgren, Jovanna, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal cytokine exposure results in obesity and gender-specific programming.
- 2001
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - 0193-1849. ; 281:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prenatal events appear to program hormonal homeostasis, contributing to the development of somatic disorders at an adult age. The aim of this study was to examine whether maternal exposure to cytokines or to dexamethasone (Dxm) would be followed by hormonal consequences in the offspring at adult age. Pregnant rats were injected on days 8, 10, and 12 of gestation with either human interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or with Dxm. Control dams were injected with vehicle. All exposed offspring developed increased body weight (P < 0.05--0.001), apparently due to an increase of 30--40% in adipose tissue weight (P < 0.05--0.01). Corticosterone response to stress was increased in the IL-6 group (P < 0.05-0.01). Dxm-treated male rats exhibited blunted Dexamethasone suppression test results. In male rats, insulin sensitivity was decreased after IL-6 exposure (P < 0.01), whereas basal insulin was elevated in the TNF-alpha group (P < 0.01). In female rats, plasma testosterone levels were higher in all exposed groups compared with controls (P < 0.01--0.001), with the exception of Dxm-exposed offspring. Males in the TNF-alpha group showed decreased locomotor activity (P < 0.05), and females in the IL-6 group showed increased locomotor activity (P < 0.05). These results indicate that prenatal exposure to cytokines or Dxm leads to increased fat depots in both genders. In females, cytokine exposure was followed by a state of hyperandrogenicity. The results suggest that prenatal exposure to cytokines or Dxm can induce gender-specific programming of neuroendocrine regulation with consequences in adult life.
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| 5. |
- De Pergola, G, et al.
(författare)
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Amount of G-protein alpha-subunit in rat white adipocytes: lack of difference between subcutaneous and visceral fat.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta endocrinologica. - 0001-5598. ; 129:4, s. 366-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been the purpose of this study to examine possible differences in the amount of stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (Gi) G-protein alpha-subunits (measured with a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fat cell membrane preparation) between subcutaneous and intra-abdominal regions in rats. The lipolytic response to isoproterenol and the number of beta-adrenergic binding sites were also examined. These parameters were all evaluated simultaneously in subcutaneous (inguinal), epididymal and perirenal fat samples collected from six male Sprague-Dawley rats. The membrane contents of the Gs and Gi alpha-subunits were similar in the three depots. Moreover, no difference was found among the different regions with regard to isoproterenol-stimulated glycerol release and beta-adrenoceptor number, expressed per cell number. In conclusion, the present study shows for the first time in rats that the abundance of inhibitory and stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunits is similar in subcutaneous and in visceral adipocytes. Moreover, the number of beta-adrenoceptors and the lipolytic response to isoproterenol do not show significant variations with the anatomical site. As the present results are apparently in contrast with those obtained previously in human adipocytes, there is a possibility that the different results observed in rat and in human fat cells could be explained by species differences.
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| 6. |
- Ho, Hoi-Por, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Association between a functional polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene and panic disorder in women.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530. ; 58:2, s. 109-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although genetic factors are known to be important risk factors for panic disorder there is as yet no conclusive data regarding specific gene variants. Prompted by evidence supporting progesterone to influence the pathophysiology of panic disorder, polymorphisms in the progesterone receptor gene, a single nucleotide polymorphism (G331A) and an insertion/deletion polymorphism (PROGINS) were investigated in 72 patients with panic disorder and 452 controls. The frequency of the A-allele of the G331A polymorphism was higher in panic disorder patients than in controls (p = 0.01). When male and female patients were analyzed separately, the association was observed in female patients only (p = 0.0009), with an odds ratio of 3.5. No differences between groups were observed for the PROGINS polymorphism. In conclusion, these data suggest that the G331A polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene may influence the risk for panic disorder in women.
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| 7. |
- Ljung, Thomas, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of abdominally obese men with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a pilot study.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 250:3, s. 219-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system perturbations found in abdominal obesity. DESIGN: Treatment for 6 months with citalopram and for 6 months with placebo using a double-blind, cross-over design, with a 2-month wash-out period between treatment periods. SUBJECTS: Sixteen healthy men, 45-60 years, moderately obese and with an abdominal fat distribution. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, three different depression rating scales, serum lipids, testosterone, IGF-I, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pituitary stimulation with corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), arithmetic stress test, and excretion of cortisol and metoxycatecholamines in urine, collected during 24 h. RESULTS: Cortisol concentrations in the morning were low before treatment, indicating a perturbed function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. After treatment with citalopram morning cortisol concentrations rose to normal. Cortisol concentrations after stimulation with CRH or stress were elevated by citalopram treatment, but urinary cortisol excretion was unchanged. The glucose concentrations after OGTT (120 min) tended to be reduced, with unchanged insulin concentrations, whilst other metabolic values did not change during treatment. Heart rate after administration of CRH, and during laboratory stress test, decreased by treatment with citalopram. Diurnal urinary excretion of metoxycatecholamines tended to decrease. Neither body mass index nor waist/hip circumference ratio decreased. Depression scores were within normal limits before treatment and did not change. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate improvements in the regulation of neuroendocrine-autonomic systems as well as metabolism in abdominal obesity during treatment with an SSRI.
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| 8. |
- Melke, Jonas, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A polymorphism in the serotonin receptor 3A (HTR3A) gene and its association with harm avoidance in women.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of general psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-990X. ; 60:10, s. 1017-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The brain neurotransmitter serotonin is known to affect various aspects of human behavior, including personality traits. Serotonin receptor type 3 is a ligand-gated channel encoded by 2 different subunit genes, HTR3A and HTR3B. A polymorphism (C178T) in the 5' region of the HTR3A gene has recently been identified and suggested to be of functional importance. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the possible association between the C178T polymorphism in the HTR3A gene and personality traits in women. DESIGN: Two independent samples of 35- to 45-year-old Swedish women were recruited using the population register. Sample 1 (n = 195) was assessed via the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory; sample 2 (n = 175) was assessed using the latter only. Both samples were genotyped with respect to the C178T polymorphism in the HTR3A gene. The A1596G polymorphism in the same gene was also investigated. RESULTS: A significant association between C178T genotype and the Temperament and Character Inventory factor harm avoidance was observed in sample 1 (corrected for multiple comparisons P =.04); this finding was subsequently replicated in sample 2 (P =.004) (pooled populations: P<.001). In the pooled sample, all harm avoidance subscales were found to be significantly associated with the C178T polymorphism: anticipatory worry (P =.001), fear of uncertainty (P<.001), shyness (P<.001), and fatigability and asthenia (P =.008). In addition, a significant association was found in sample 1 between the C178T polymorphism and the Karolinska Scales of Personality nonconformity factor (corrected P =.002), including the subscales of social desirability (P<.001), indirect aggression (P =.002), verbal aggression (P =.05), and irritability (P<.001). Participants homozygous for the less common T allele (<4%) differed from the remaining women by displaying lower ratings on harm avoidance and nonconformity. CONCLUSION: The C178T polymorphism in the HTR3A gene may affect the personality trait of harm avoidance in women.
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| 9. |
- Melke, Jonas, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms are associated with anxiety-related personality traits in women.
- 2001
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Ingår i: American journal of medical genetics. - 0148-7299. ; 105:5, s. 458-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have reported an association between anxiety-related personality traits and a promoter polymorphism in the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region, 5-HTTLPR). In the present study, a population of 251 subjects was assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and genotyped both for the 5-HTTLPR and for a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the second intron of the same gene. The interpretation of previous studies has to some extent been confounded by the studied subjects differing with respect to ethnicity, sex, and age. To circumvent this problem, all included subjects were Caucasians, women, and born in the same year (1956). Associations were found between the 5-HTTLPR and four of the five anxiety-related KSP scales (psychic anxiety, muscular tension, psychasthenia, and lack of assertiveness), subjects being homozygous for the short allele displaying higher anxiety scores than those of the long/long or long/short genotype. In addition, an association was found between the intron 2 polymorphism and one anxiety-related personality trait (somatic anxiety).
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Increased insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight in female rats after postnatal corticosterone exposure.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - 0804-4643. ; 146:6, s. 847-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids are important for normal brain development. Elevation or removal of these hormones can permanently modify the structure and function of the fetal brain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of postnatal corticosterone exposure of female pups on metabolic, endocrine and anthropometric variables in adulthood. DESIGN: Female pups were given subcutaneous injections of corticosterone (5 mg/kg, CORT) or vehicle 3 and 5 days after birth. RESULTS: From 6 weeks of age, the CORT rats weighed significantly less than did controls, with diminished fat depots, decreased serum levels of leptin and reduced food intake. Adult CORT rats showed increased insulin sensitivity, measured by hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp (5 mU/kg/min), as compared with controls. CORT rats had lower basal corticosterone levels and lower corticosterone levels 15 and 90 min after exposure to stress. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that postnatal exposure to corticosterone leads to increased insulin sensitivity, low body weight with diminished fat depots, leptin and food intake. This suggests that postnatal exposure to corticosterone induces specific programming, with consequences in adult life.
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