| 1. |
- Caronna, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Redefining migraine prevention: early treatment with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies enhances response in the real world
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (anti-CGRP MAbs) are approved and available treatments for migraine prevention. Patients do not respond alike and many countries have reimbursement policies, which hinder treatments to those who might respond. This study aimed to investigate clinical factors associated with good and excellent response to anti-CGRP MAbs at 6 months. Methods European multicentre, prospective, real-world study, including high-frequency episodic or chronic migraine (CM) patients treated since March 2018 with anti-CGRP MAbs. We defined good and excellent responses as >= 50% and >= 75% reduction in monthly headache days (MHD) at 6 months, respectively. Generalised mixed-effect regression models (GLMMs) were used to identify variables independently associated with treatment response. Results Of the 5818 included patients, 82.3% were females and the median age was 48.0 (40.0-55.0) years. At baseline, the median of MHD was 20.0 (14.0-28.0) days/months and 72.2% had a diagnosis of CM. At 6 months (n=4963), 56.5% (2804/4963) were good responders and 26.7% (1324/4963) were excellent responders. In the GLMM model, older age (1.08 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.15), p=0.016), the presence of unilateral pain (1.39 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.60), p<0.001), the absence of depression (0.840 (95% CI 0.731 to 0.966), p=0.014), less monthly migraine days (0.923 (95% CI 0.862 to 0.989), p=0.023) and lower Migraine Disability Assessment at baseline (0.874 (95% CI 0.819 to 0.932), p<0.001) were predictors of good response (AUC of 0.648 (95% CI 0.616 to 0.680)). These variables were also significant predictors of excellent response (AUC of 0.691 (95% CI 0.651 to 0.731)). Sex was not significant in the GLMM models. Conclusions This is the largest real-world study of migraine patients treated with anti-CGRP MAbs. It provides evidence that higher migraine frequency and greater disability at baseline reduce the likelihood of responding to anti-CGRP MAbs, informing physicians and policy-makers on the need for an earlier treatment in order to offer the best chance of treatment success.
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| 2. |
- Escudero Pascual, Alberto
(författare)
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Anonymous and untraceable communications : location privacy in mobile internetworking
- 2001
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Data protection and privacy is rapidly becoming one of themost important issues on the Internet today. Larger number ofInternet sites are collecting personal information from usersthrough forms, cookies, online registrations, or surveys thanever before. New commercial services are springing up that canexploit the ability of mobile communication service providersto determine the geographic location of their users. The newwireless technologies offer mobility; at the same time theyofferlocation informationthat is being used to provide newlocation-aware services.This licentiate thesis concerns our experience building anew innovative network environment at the IT-University (RoyalInstitute of Technology). It explains how we present the newsecurity challenges that a wireless network raises togetherwith how we confronte and investigate a new form of problemthis type of network presents, namely location privacy.The focus of this work has been on trying to provideunlinkability between the location of wireless users and theiractivities in the Internet. The thesis includes a protocolextension to a pseudonymous IP network architecture developedby the Canadian company Zero Knowledge Systems Inc. called theFreedom System. The proposed extension to Freedom Systempermits a mobile client to seamlessly roam among IP subnetworksand media types whilst being untraceable. By untraceable in thecontext of this thesis we mean the capability of a mobile nodeto concealthe relation between location and personal identifiableinformationfrom third parties whilst the user is on themove. This thesis is composed of four published papers wherethe main results are presented.
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| 3. |
- Escudero-Pascual, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Open Hardware and Software Solutions for Mobile Services
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on M4D Mobile Communication Technology for Development (M4D 2008, General Tracks). - Karlstad : Karlstad University. ; , s. 155-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Escudero-Pascual, Alberto, 1972-
(författare)
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Privacy in the next generation Internet. Data proection in the context of European Union policy
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With the growth in social, political and economic importanceof the Internet, it has been recognized that the underlyingtechnology of the next generation Internet must not only meetthe many technical challenges but must also meet the socialexpectations of such a pervasive technology. As evidence ofthe strategic importance of the development of the Internet,the European Union has adopted a communication to the Counciland the European Parliament focusing on the next generationInternet and the priorities for action in migrating to the newInternet protocol IPv6 andalso a new Directive (2002/58/EC) on'processing of personal data and protection of privacy in theelectronic communication sector'. The Data Protection Directiveis part of a package of proposals for initiatives which willform the future regulatory framework for electroniccommunications networks and services. The new Directive aims toadapt and update the existing Data ProtectionTelecommunications Directive (97/66/EC) to take account oftechnological developments. However, it is not well undersoodhow this policy and the underlying Internet technology can bebrought into alignment.This dissertation builds upon the results of my earlierlicentiate thesis by identifying three specific, timely, andimportant privacy areas in the next generation Internet: uniqueidentifiers and observability, privacy enhanced location basedservices, and legal aspects of data traffic.Each of the three areas identified are explored in the eightpublished papers that form this dissertation. The paperspresent recommendations to technical standarization bodies andregulators concerning the next generation Internet so that thistechnology and its deployment can meet the specific legalobligations of the new European Union data protectiondirective.
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| 5. |
- Escudero-Pascual, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Questioning lawful access to traffic data
- 2004
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Ingår i: Communications of the ACM. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0001-0782 .- 1557-7317. ; 47:3, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The debate and issues concerning access to traffic data is discussed. The access to traffic data for law enforcement is a traditional tool for investigation and intelligence gathering. The regulatory environment surrounding technology is transforming after few successes and many missteps. The content, copyright, and cryptography policy processes results in the emergence of technology policy innovations. The concept of Internationalization of policy making, and technology-neural policies are the new innovations along with the involvement of some risk factors.
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| 6. |
- Escudero-Pascual, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Role(s) of a proxy in location based services
- 2002
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Ingår i: 13TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VOL 1-5, PROCEEDINGS. - : IEEE. - 0780375890 ; , s. 1252-1256
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine a number of roles that a proxy server can play in location based services and how it can be used to provide protection of personal identifiable information. Location data, service requests, and privacy policies are encoded in XML by the mobile terminal and forwarded to a proxy server placed between the mobile terminal and the location based service(s). By a suitable architecture in the mobile terminal and in the proxy, we can hide the mobile device's network location, hide the identity of its user, and, in some cases, provide misleading physical location(s). We have applied our privacy model to location information obtained from a GPS receiver. The GPS-based method was chosen as being the only available method where the positioning calculation function (PCF) is fully under the user's control, since the position is calculated within the mobile terminal; other technologies rely on the network infrastructure, and hence some or all of the position data is outside the user's control. A proof of concept was implemented using Fastrax's iTrax02 small, ultra-low power consumption GPS receiver. We illustrate a number of different functions which can be provided by examining some scenarios.
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| 7. |
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