| 1. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 80, s. 56-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Asker, Noomi, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
A gene to organism approach-assessing the impact of environmental pollution in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) females and larvae
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 34:7, s. 1511-1523
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad biomarker approach was applied to study the effects of marine pollution along the Swedish west coast using the teleost eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) as the sentinel species. Measurements were performed on different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal, including measurements of messenger RNA (mRNA), proteins, cellular and tissue changes, and reproductive success. Results revealed that eelpout captured in Stenungsund had significantly higher hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, high levels of both cytochrome P4501A and diablo homolog mRNA, and high prevalence of dead larvae and nuclear damage in erythrocytes. Eelpout collected in Göteborg harbor displayed extensive macrovesicular steatosis, whereby the majority of hepatocytes were affected throughout the liver, which could indicate an effect on lipid metabolism. Results also indicate that eelpouts collected at polluted sites might have an affected immune system, with lower mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system and a higher number of lymphocytes. Biomarker assessment also was performed on livers dissected from unborn eelpout larvae collected from the ovary of the females. No significant differences were noted, which might indicate that the larvae to some extent are protected from effects of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, usage of the selected set of biological markers, covering responses from gene to organism, has demonstrated site-specific biomarker patterns that provided a broad and comprehensive picture of the impact of environmental stressors.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Åsa, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidative stress in pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings from metal contaminated environments in northern Sweden.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 105:3, s. 330-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metals have been shown to induce oxidative stress in animals. One of the most metal polluted terrestrial environments in Sweden is the surroundings of a sulfide ore smelter plant located in the northern part of the country. Pied flycatcher nestlings (Ficedula hypoleuca) that grew up close to the industry had accumulated amounts of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, iron and zinc in their liver tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate if pied flycatcher nestlings in the pollution gradient of the industry were affected by oxidative stress using antioxidant molecules and enzyme activities. The antioxidant assays were also evaluated in search for useful biomarkers in pied flycatchers. This study indicated that nestlings in metal contaminated areas showed signs of oxidative stress evidenced by up regulated hepatic antioxidant defense given as increased glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities and slightly but not significantly elevated lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. Stepwise linear regression indicated that lipid peroxidation and CAT activities were influenced mostly by iron, but iron and lead influenced the CAT activity to a higher degree. Positive relationships were found between GST and lead as well as GR activities and cadmium. We conclude that GR, CAT, GST activities and lipid peroxidation levels may function as useful biomarkers for oxidative stress in free-living pied flycatcher nestlings exposed to metal contaminated environments.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bresolin de Souza, Karine, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of increased CO2on fish gill and plasma proteome
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean acidification and warming are both primarily caused by increased levels of atmospheric CO2, and marine organisms are exposed to these two stressors simultaneously. Although the effects of temperature on fish have been investigated over the last century, the long-term effects of moderate CO2 exposure and the combination of both stressors are almost entirely unknown. A proteomics approach was used to assess the adverse physiological and biochemical changes that may occur from the exposure to these two environmental stressors. We analysed gills and blood plasma of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) exposed to temperatures of 12°C (control) and 18°C (impaired growth) in combination with control (400 μatm) or high-CO2 water (1000 μatm) for 14 weeks. The proteomic analysis was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) followed by Nanoflow LC-MS/MS using a LTQ-Orbitrap. The high-CO2 treatment induced the up-regulation of immune system-related proteins, as indicated by the up-regulation of the plasma proteins complement component C3 and fibrinogen β chain precursor in both temperature treatments. Changes in gill proteome in the high-CO2 (18°C) group were mostly related to increased energy metabolism proteins (ATP synthase, malate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase thermostable, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase), possibly coupled to a higher energy demand. Gills from fish exposed to high-CO 2 at both temperature treatments showed changes in proteins associated with increased cellular turnover and apoptosis signalling (annexin 5, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1γ, receptor for protein kinase C, and putative ribosomal protein S27). This study indicates that moderate CO2-driven acidification, alone and combined with high temperature, can elicit biochemical changes that may affect fish health. © 2014 Bresolin de Souza et al.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bresolin de Souza, Karine, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased activity of lysozyme and complement system in Atlantic halibut exposed to elevated CO2 at six different temperatures.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0291 .- 0141-1136. ; 122, s. 143-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean acidification and rising seawater temperature are environmental stressors resulting from the continuous increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration due to anthropogenic activities. As a consequence, marine fish are expected to undergo conditions outside of their tolerance range, leading to physiological challenges with possible detrimental implications. Our research group has previously shown that exposure to elevated CO2 modulated the immune system of the Atlantic halibut. To further investigate this finding, we analysed non-specific immune components in blood plasma of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) juveniles acclimated to six different temperatures (5, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 °C), and to water pH of 8.0 (control) or 7.6 (predicted for year 2100) for three months. Plasma ions (K(+), Na(+), Ca(++), Cl(-)) and lactate concentrations were also measured. The analysis of plasma ions did not show any trends related to temperature or CO2 exposure, and the majority of the experimental fish were able to maintain ionic balance. The results show that both innate immune components (lysozyme and alternative complement system) had increased activities in response to elevated CO2, representing a CO2-related impact on the halibut's immune system. The increased activity of lysozyme and complement system is possibly part of the acclimatization process, and might be protective.
|
|
| 6. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Early-age changes in oxidative stress in brown trout, Salmo trutta
- 2010
-
Ingår i: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. - 1096-4959. ; 155:4, s. 442-448
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish are often used as models for studies investigating the ability of xenobiotics to induce oxidative stress, though age or developmental stage of the individuals studied has been given little attention. Oxidative stress in other organisms is associated with aging as well as with periods of rapid growth, which occurs in young brown trout. We measured protein carbonyls, 20S proteosome activity and glutathione (GSH) levels in farmed Salmo trutta in four different age groups from 5 months to 3 years. We found an increase in protein carbonyls and a decrease in 20S proteosome activity in both brain and liver tissues of the fish with increasing size and age. Total GSH levels in liver tissue declined as fish aged and the GSSG:GSH ratio increased. Five month and 1 year old trout were treated with paraquat (PQ) to induce oxidative stress. Five month old fish showed no changes in the measured parameters while 1 year old fish had both an increase in protein carbonylation in liver tissue and a decrease in 20S proteosome activity in brain tissue. These results indicate that oxidative stress biomarkers are affected by age or rapid growth in brown trout, and that individuals of different ages respond differently to oxidative stress induced by PQ.
|
|
| 7. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidative damage in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), measured as protein carbonyls and TBARS, as biomarkers
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X. ; 73:2, s. 171-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 2002-2003 a dredging campaign was undertaken in Goteborg harbor, Sweden, to widen and deepen shipping lanes. A bunker oil spill occurred in the harbor in July 2003, thereby further exasperating the situation for marine life. Eelpout, Zoarces viviparus, was used as a sentinel species to monitor the impact of these events. Here, we have investigated the effects on two liver parameters, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, which can serve as biomarkers for oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation data, measured as TBARS, in eelpout from the field study showed no significant differences between reference and polluted sites, at any of the time points. These results are mirrored in a laboratory exposure to the bunker oil where no differences were seer. between the control and the exposure groups. A trend towards a seasonal cycle in TBARS levels in eelpout liver was observed, with highest amounts measured during the warmer months, 97.08 +/- 14.45 nmol/g liver in the harbor in July compared to 41.20 +/- 2.66 mnol/g liver in November 2001. Protein carbonylation, measured using an ELISA method, did, however, show differences between the reference and polluted sites in the field, as well as differences between time periods (before and during dredging and following the oil spill). The laboratory exposure indicated that the formation and/or accumulation of protein carbonyls is greatly affected by exposure to this PAH rich oil. Levels in the control group were 1.76 +/- 0.13 nmol/mg protein while those fish exposed to the high dose had 6.23 +/- 0.17 nmol/mg protein. We concluded that TBARS is not an appropriate biomarker for pollutant mediated oxidative damage in eelpout while protein carbonyl formation does appear to be affected by xenobiotic exposure. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidative damage in rainbow trout caged in a polluted river.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. ; 66:1, s. 90-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sewage treatment works (STWs) are a common source of chemicals entering into the aquatic environment. In order to assess effects of these effluents on oxidative stress parameters in aquatic organisms, we caged rainbow trout at five sites: upstream, near an STW effluent, and three sites downstream in the river Viskan in western Sweden for 14 days during autumn, 2006. We then measured protein carbonyls in plasma as well as 20S proteosome activity and lipid peroxidation products, i.e. MDA and 4-HNE, in liver samples. Levels of both lipid and protein oxidative damage products were elevated in fish caged near the STW effluent while 20S activity showed no differences. This argues that complex mixtures of chemicals entering into the aquatic environment do have deleterious effects on fish. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters can serve as a biomarker in aquatic organisms.
|
|
| 9. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxidative stress, evident in antioxidant defences and damage products, in rainbow trout caged outside a sewage treatment plant
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. ; 70:3, s. 370-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are common sources of a wide variety of chemicals entering into the aquatic environment. We have investigated the effects of STP effluent on oxidative stress parameters in rainbow trout via measurements of several enzymatic antioxidants as well as the molecular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). In addition, we have measured levels of oxidative damage, i.e. protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides. Our findings indicate that STP effluent does contain prooxidants that affect fish. Oxidative damage was a more consistent indicator of exposure to prooxidants than antioxidant enzymes. Protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides were both elevated (1.3- and 1.8-fold increases, respectively) in fish caged at the STP site compared with reference site as was the amount of oxidized GSH (GSSG), which showed a 3-fold increase. Antioxidant enzymes showed no clear-cut response. Additionally, older pollutants that have been present in down stream sediment for decades had no effects on the parameters measured here.
|
|
| 10. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Protein carbonyls and antioxidant defenses in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) from a heavy metal polluted and a PAH polluted site.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Marine environmental research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 66:2, s. 271-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of fish in environmental monitoring has become increasingly important in recent years as anthropogenic substances, many of which function as prooxidants, are accumulating in aquatic environments. We have measured a battery of antioxidant defenses as a measure of oxidative status, as well as protein carbonylation as a measure of oxidative damage, in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) captured near a disused copper mine, where water and sediment are contaminated with heavy metals, and an aluminum smelter, a site contaminated with PAHs. Results were compared to two different reference sites. Fish at the heavy metal site had lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and elevated protein carbonyls (1.8 times) compared to fish from the reference site. At the PAH site, EROD was increased 2-fold, while total glutathione and methemoglobin reductase concentration, were decreased. No differences were seen in protein carbonyl levels at the PAH site. Measures of both antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage should be used when assessing effects of xenobiotics on oxidative stress in fish species.
|
|
