| 1. |
- Falkmer, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Kartläggning av transportsituationen för barn med autismspektrumstörning
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transportsituationen för barn med autismspektrumstörningar är okänd såväl i ett nationellt som ett internationellt perspektiv. I syfte att kartlägga den analyserades enkätsvar från 1 631 föräldrar till barn med autismspektrumstörningar. Resultaten visade att tre av fyra föräldrar till barn med autismspektrumstörningar, till exempel Aspergers syndrom och autsim, känner oro när barnen åker skolskjuts eller färdtjänst. Dessutom känner nästan varannan förälder oro när barnen åker i familjens fordon. Anpassning av transporter till dessa barns behov handlar mer om att implementera ett förhållningssätt till barnens funktionshinder än att rent fysiskt anpassa fordonen. Föräldrarnas oro var befogad och berodde på bristande anpassning. Barnen färdas inte alltid enligt rekommendationerna och det är vanligt att barnen får åka med okända förare och obekanta medresenärer. Detta är exempel på bristande anpassning, vilket ofta skapar en oro hos barn med autismspektrumstörningar och hos deras föräldrar och reducerar barnens transportmobilitet.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Falkmer, Torbjörn, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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The transport mobility situation for children with autism spectrum disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 11:2, s. 90-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the transport mobility situation for children with autism spectrum disorders, questionnaires from 1,631 parents were analysed. The results showed that almost 3 out of 4 parents were worried when their child was transported by school transport or by the Special Transport System. Transports in the family vehicle caused worry among almost half of the parents. The parents' worries were justified by the fact that the children were not transported according to general safety recommendations. Moreover, it was common for the children to be transported with unfamiliar drivers, as well as with unknown passengers, which is known to be quite problematic. Transport mobility adaptation to this particular group of children with disabilities refers merely to implementation of knowledge and a specific, well-structured approach among the drivers towards the children during the ride, rather than to physical/mechanical adaptation of the vehicles.
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| 4. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Child safety in cars : Literature review
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to study child safety in cars, international literature was reviewed with respect to road vehicle transportation for children, with the focus being on the age up to 12 years. The review included literature in English and Swedish. Furthermore, the review was limited to focus on results from Australia, the U.K., the USA and Sweden. To ensure that all children are protected as passengers in cars, several aspects needed to be considered.Within this study, the focus was, hence, on legal aspects and recommendations, traffic fatalities and serious injuries, the safety consequences for children due to the car development (airbags (SRS) and installation systems), use and misuse of child restraint systems (CRS) regarding medical, technical and user aspects, measurements for improvements, e.g. campaigns and, finally, children with disabilities. The review focused mainly on literature from 1990 until today. The main conclusions were that:Available statistics show that rearward facing CRS is a good preventive measure to take for enhancement of traffic safety.Impacts from the in-safety development of cars on choosing and mounting safety devices for children were found to be a crucial issue.Children exposed to an airbag deployment can be fatally injured, despite being seated in an approved child restraint system.In Sweden and the U.K. the level of child restraint usage among infants and small children was found to be at least 95% in the front seat and approximately at the same level in the rear seat. Even though the levels of usage in several countries were high, the level of misuse was alarmingly high (90%).The road transportation of children with disabilities was found to be complex and insufficiently described in the literature.
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| 5. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Is European school transport safe? : the need for a "door-to-door" perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - Berlin : Springer. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 3:2, s. 75-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To identify and establish the number and aetiology behind children being killed or injured during school transport from a door-to-door perspective by using experience from Sweden and the UK.Methods Available crash data were analysed. Results In total, 361 children in Sweden during 1994–2001, i.e. 24% of the 1,515 identified children aged 6–16 who were injured or killed were identified in 256 school transport events. The predominant reason for being killed or injured when travelling on school transportation was when children were outside the bus (74%), either when passing the bus to cross the street, running in front of the bus (21%) or behind the bus (30%). Contrary to the general belief that children older than 12 are mature enough to handle traffic, more than 50% of the fatal injuries in Sweden affected children aged 13–16. Similar results were found in the UK. The afternoon school journeys, pedestrians after alighting from the bus, and those in situations that deviated from their normal routine were found to be particularly vulnerable.Conclusions The travel chain perspective/or door to door perspective offers a promising approach for understanding school transport risks and for identifying effective countermeasures; including around bus stops and on the way to/from the bus stop. Data collection needs to be revised to reflect this approach.
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| 6. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Is European school transportation safe? : The need for a "door-to-door" perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 3:2, s. 75-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To identify and establish the number and aetiology behind children being killed or injured during school transport from a door-to-door perspective by using experience from Sweden and the UK. Methods Available crash data were analysed. Results In total, 361 children in Sweden during 1994–2001,i.e. 24% of the 1,515 identified children aged 6 - 16 who were injured or killed were identified in 256 school transport events. The predominant reason for being killed or injured when travelling on school transportation was when children were outside the bus (74%), either when passing the bus to cross the street, running in front of the bus (21%) or behind the bus (30%). Contrary to the general belief that children older than 12 are mature enough to handle traffic, more than 50% of the fatal injuries in Sweden affected children aged 13 –16. Similar results were found in the UK. The afternoon school journeys, pedestrians after alighting from the bus, and those in situations that deviated from their normal routine were found to be particularly vulnerable. Conclusions The travel chain perspective/or door to door perspective offers a promising approach for understanding school transport risks and for identifying effective countermeasures; including around bus stops and on the way to/from the bus stop. Data collection needs to be revised to reflect this approach.
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| 7. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Piloting smart safe school bus : exploration of security gains from implementation of a driver support system, additional technical equipment and intelligent bus stops
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - Berlin : Springer. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 2:3, s. 157-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Road crash statistics reveal that school children are frequent victims and the most risky situation is when the child is outside the bus. The aim of this pilot study was to explore possible changes in speed, implementation of routines, hazard detection and child security gains from a driver support system integrated with intelligent bus stops and additional technical equipment.Methods: In total, 130 children with transmitters were using two specially equipped busses and bus stops. Speed of oncoming and overtaking cars, implementation of routines, the possibilities to discover potential hazards and experienced stress in the children were analysed by speed measurements, diary notes, questionnaires and focus group interviews.Results: This pilot study exploration showed that the speeds of other road users were reduced at one of two bus stops. The driver support system was frequently used in all its parts and was considered useful by the bus drivers. It also raised the level of routines and allowed the drivers to survey the children. Children reported feeling more secure with the system running and experienced less stress as a consequence of it.Conclusion: This pilot study shows that the evaluated systems may have the ability to reduce speed of other road users, raise the level of routines and make children feel more secure. Further studies are needed that apply a holistic approach on school transportation safety and security.
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| 8. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Skolskjutsbarns inblandning i olyckor 1994-2001
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sammanlagt har polisen rapporterat 256 olyckor med totalt 361 skadade eller dödade barn i samband med förmodade skolskjutsresor under åren 1994–2001. Majoriteten av barnen har drabbats när de befunnit sig utanför bussen. Den vanligaste händelsen vid olyckorna är att barnen har sprungit ut bakom eller framför bussen (51 %).Ytterligare 13 procent av olyckorna har inträffat då barn har klämts eller blivit påkörda av bussen vid hållplatsen. En majoritet av olyckorna i vilka barn har skadats har således inträffat i samband med på- och avstigning.Föreliggande rapport baseras på en studie med syfte att skapa en samlad bild av orsaken till att barn skadas och dödas vid resor med skolskjuts. I befintliga olycksregister finns tyvärr ingen notering om en skolskjuts varit inblandad i inträffad olycka. Analysen har därför skett i tre steg.1. Alla personskadeolyckor med barn i åldern 0–18.2. Alla personskadeolyckor med barn 6–16 år, skoldagar klockan 600–1659 i vilka buss, taxi eller gående varit inblandade.3. Personskadeolyckor i steg 2 som bedömts vara anknutna till skolskjuts (eller skolresa med vanlig linjetrafik).
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Skyltning av hållplats som används vid skolskjutsning : pilotförsök
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med pilotstudien var att finna en lösning som kan öka säkerheten för barn som väntar på skolskjuts och som kliver av skolskjuts. Tanken var att göra ett system som dels innebar att barnen kunde stå säkrare och samtidigt vara synbara för skolskjutsföraren, dels öka medtrafikanternas medvetenhet om att det fanns barn vid vägen och därmed få dem att förändra sitt beteende (hastighet och säkerhetsavstånd till barnen). Pilotstudien har bestått av flera delprojekt.:- Marknadsundersökning för att inventera möjliga skyltsystem.- Konstruktion av hållplats och skylt med blinkande/rinnande ljus.- Erfarenhetsutbyte med referensgrupper bestående av förare, barn och föräldrar.- Mätning av systemets effekter på trafikantbeteende; Hastighetsmätningar oSidolägesmätningarTelefonintervjuer för att ta del av vad förbipasserande personbilsförare uppmärksammat.
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