| 1. |
- Benjamin, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Redefine statistical significance
- 2018
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In: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Research (part of Springer Nature). - 2397-3374. ; 2:1, s. 6-10
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Fehr, Ernst, et al.
(author)
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Revealed Preferences in a Sequential Prisoners' Dilemma: A Horse-Race Between Six Utility Functions
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We experimentally investigate behavior and beliefs in a sequential prisoner’s dilemma. Each subject had to choose an action as first-mover and a conditional action as secondmover. All subjects also had to state their beliefs about others’ second-mover choices. Using the elicited beliefs, we use a novel and intuitively appealing hit-rate appraoch to compare the explanatory power of a few current models of social and moral preferences. The data show clear differences in explanatory power between the preference models, both without and with control for the number of free parameters. The best-performing models explain about 80% of observed behavior. We also compare the results with a conventional maximum-likelihood method, and conclude that results by and large agree. We finally use the estimated preference parameters to identify biases in subjects’ expectations. We find a consensus bias (whereby subjects believe others behave like themselves) and a slight optimism (whereby subjects overestimate probabilities for favorable outcomes).
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| 3. |
- Johnson, Candice, et al.
(author)
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Skin sensitization in silico protocol
- 2020
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In: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-2300 .- 1096-0295. ; 116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The assessment of skin sensitization has evolved over the past few years to include in vitro assessments of key events along the adverse outcome pathway and opportunistically capitalize on the strengths of in silico methods to support a weight of evidence assessment without conducing a test in animals. While in silico methods vary greatly in their purpose and format; there is a need to standardize the underlying principles on which such models are developed and to make transparent the implications for the uncertainty in the overall assessment. In this contribution, the relationship between skin sensitization relevant effects, mechanisms, and endpoints are built into a hazard assessment framework. Based on the relevance of the mechanisms and effects as well as the strengths and limitations of the experimental systems used to identify them, rules and principles are defined for deriving skin sensitization in silico assessments. Further, the assignments of reliability and confidence scores that reflect the overall strength of the assessment are discussed. This skin sensitization protocol supports the implementation and acceptance of in silico approaches for the prediction of skin sensitization.
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| 4. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(author)
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In-furnace processes in a 235 MWe CFB boiler
- 2002
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In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds. - 9780920804988 ; , s. 607-614
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In an experimental project funded by the 5th Framework Programme of the European Community (EC), different measurement techniques are used to analyze in-furnace processes in a 235 MWe Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler in Turow, Poland. The purpose of the project is to assess the insufficiently known features of large-scale CFB boilers. The furnace of the boiler has a cross-section of 21 x 10 meters and a height of 43 meters. The boiler is operated on a local brown coal. Steady state, as well as dynamic conditions, are studied. The project is unique in two respects: Firstly, several measurement ports are provided in the large CFB furnace for in-situ measurements in various locations on the furnace. Secondly, a number of measurement techniques are employed. These facilitate studies of hydrodynamic processes as well as local variations in gas components (such as O2, CO, THC) and solids materials. The paper describes the measurement techniques and provides examples of the first (hydrodynamic) results obtained by the in-situ measurements.
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| 5. |
- Miettinen, Topi, et al.
(author)
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Revealed Preferences in a Sequential Prisoners’ Dilemma: A Horse-Race Between Five Utility Functions
- 2017
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We experimentally investigate behavior and beliefs in a sequential prisoner’s dilemma. Eachsubject had to choose an action as first-mover and a conditional action as second-mover. Allsubjects also had to state their beliefs about others’ second-mover choices. We find thatsubjects’ beliefs about others’ choices are fairly accurate on average. Using the elicited beliefs,we compare the explanatory power of a few current models of social and moral preferences. Thedata show clear differences in explanatory power between the preference models, both withoutand with control for the number of free parameters. The best-performing models explain about80% of observed behavior. We use the estimated preference parameters to identify biases insubjects’ expectations. We find a consensus bias (whereby subjects believe others behave likethemselves) and a certain optimism (whereby subjects overestimate probabilities for favorableoutcomes), the former being about twice as strong as the second.
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| 6. |
- Miettinen, Topi, et al.
(author)
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Revealed preferences in a sequential prisoners’ dilemma: A horse-race between six utility functions
- 2020
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In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-2681. ; 173, s. 1-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We experimentally investigate behavior and beliefs in a sequential prisoner's dilemma. Each subject had to choose an action as first mover and a conditional action as second mover. All subjects also had to state their beliefs about others’ second-mover choices. Using these elicited beliefs, we apply the transparent Selten–Krischker approach to compare the explanatory power of a few current models of social and moral preferences. We find clear differences in explanatory power between the preference models, both without and with control for the number of free parameters. The best-performing models explain about 80% of the observed behavior. We compare our results with those obtained from a conventional maximum-likelihood approach, and find that the results by and large agree. We also present a structural model of belief formation. We find a consensus bias—whereby subjects believe others behave like themselves—and payoff-salience driven optimism—whereby subjects overestimate the probabilities for favorable outcomes.
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