| 1. |
- Buemi, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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Empty vehicle detection with video analytics
- 2013
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In: Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2013. ICIAP 2013. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642411830 - 9783642411847 ; , s. 731-739
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An important issue to be addressed in transit security, in particular for driverless metro, is the assurance that a vehicle is empty before it returns to the depot. Customer specifications in recent tenders require that an automatic empty vehicle detector is provided. That improves system security since it prevents voluntary (e.g. in case of thieves or graffiti makers) or involuntary (e.g. in case of drunk or unconscious people) access of unauthorized people to the depot and possibly to other restricted areas. Without automatic systems, a manual inspection of the vehicle should be performed, requiring considerable personnel effort and being prone to failure. To address the issue, we have developed a reliable empty vehicle detection system using video content analytics techniques and standard on-board cameras. The system can automatically check whether the vehicles have been cleared from passengers, thus supporting the security staff and central control operators in providing a higher level of security. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.
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| 2. |
- Delli Priscoli, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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Ensuring cyber-security in smart railway surveillance with SHIELD
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1757-8779 .- 1757-8787. ; 7:2, s. 138-170
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Modern railways feature increasingly complex embedded computing systems for surveillance that are moving towards fully wireless smart-sensors. Those systems are aimed at monitoring system status from a physical-security viewpoint, in order to detect intrusions and other environmental anomalies. However, the same systems used for physical-security surveillance are vulnerable to cyber-security threats, since they feature distributed hardware and software architectures often interconnected by 'open networks', like wireless channels and the internet. In this paper, we show how the integrated approach to security, privacy and dependability (SPD) in embedded systems provided by the SHIELD framework (developed within the EU funded pSHIELD and nSHIELD research projects) can be applied to railway surveillance systems in order to measure and improve their SPD level. SHIELD implements a layered architecture (node, network, middleware and overlay) and orchestrates SPD mechanisms based on ontology models, appropriate metrics and composability. The results of prototypical application to a real-world demonstrator show the effectiveness of SHIELD and justify its practical applicability in industrial settings.
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| 3. |
- Fiaschetti, Andrea, et al.
(author)
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On the use of semantic technologies to model and control security, privacy and dependability in complex systems
- 2011
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In: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642242694 - 9783642242700 ; , s. 467-479
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper a semantic approach is presented to model and control Security, Privacy and Dependability (SPD) in complex interconnected environment composed by heterogeneous Embedded Systems. Usually, only the individual properties are locally considered to obtain desired functionalities and this could result in sub-optimal solutions. With the use of modern semantic technologies (like OWL or reasoning engines) it is possible to model not only the individual parameters but also the relations between the different (and dynamically changing) parts of the systems, thus providing enriched knowledge and more useful information that could feed control algorithms. The model presented in this paper is based on the results obtained during the first phase of the pSHIELD project (conceived and lead by Finmeccanica) and it is focused on a concrete application coming from a critical scenario in railway environment: the monitoring of freight trains transporting hazardous material.
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| 4. |
- Flammini, Francesco, Senior Lecturer, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Towards wireless sensor networks for railway infrastructure monitoring
- 2010
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In: Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion. - Piscataway : IEEE. - 9781424490943 - 9781424490929 - 9781424490936 ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the adoption of emerging sensing technologies for instrumentation within a variety of structural systems. Structural health monitoring systems are widely adopted to monitor the behavior of structures during forced vibration testing or natural excitation (e.g. earthquakes, winds, live loading). They can be found in a number of civil structures, including bridges and viaducts, and also in applications of vehicle health monitoring. Moreover, since infrastructures can be damaged by human originated threats, the adoption of security measures is also essential. This paper presents a proposal of an early warning system based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for railway infrastructure monitoring. It exploits already available research results and tools for WSN management, integration and data fusion. The aim is to hedge detection capabilities in a complete framework for structural failures as well as security threats, including both natural hazards and intentional attacks.
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| 5. |
- Abbaneo, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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UML based reverse engineering for the verification of railway control logics
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems, DepCoS-RELCOMEX 2006. - : IEEE. - 0769525652 - 9780769525655 ; , s. 3-10
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used as a high level object oriented specification language. In this paper we present a novel approach in which reverse engineering is performed using UML as the modelling language used to achieve a representation of the implemented system. The target is the core logic of a complex critical railway control system, which was written in an application specific legacy language. UML perfectly suited to represent the nature of the core logic, made up by concurrent and interacting processes, using a bottom-up approach and proper modeling rules. Each process, in fact, was strictly related to the management of a physically (resp. logically) well distinguished railway device (resp. functionality). The obtained model deeply facilitated the static analysis of the logic code, allowing for at a glance verification of correctness and compliance with higher-level specifications, and opened the way to refactoring and other formal analyses. © 2006 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Aissani, D., et al.
(author)
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Editorial
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems. - : Interscience Communications. - 1757-8779 .- 1757-8787. ; 7:1, s. 1-3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 7. |
- Aissani, D., et al.
(author)
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Editorial
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems. - : Interscience Communications. - 1757-8779 .- 1757-8787. ; 7:1, s. 1-3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Assenza, Giacomo, et al.
(author)
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White Paper on Industry Experiences in Critical Information Infrastructure Security : A Special Session at CRITIS 2019
- 2020
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In: Critical Information Infrastructures Security14th International Conference, CRITIS 2019. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030376697 - 9783030376703 ; , s. 197-207
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The security of critical infrastructures is of paramount importance nowadays due to the growing complexity of components and applications. This paper collects the contributions to the industry dissemination session within the 14th International Conference on Critical Information Infrastructures Security (CRITIS 2019). As such, it provides an overview of recent practical experience reports in the field of critical infrastructure protection (CIP), involving major industry players. The set of cases reported in this paper includes the usage of serious gaming for training infrastructure operators, integrated safety and security management in the chemical/process industry, risks related to the cyber-economy for energy suppliers, smart troubleshooting in the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as intrusion detection in power distribution Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). The session has been organized to stimulate an open scientific discussion about industry challenges, open issues and future opportunities in CIP research.
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| 9. |
- Bellini, Emanuele, et al.
(author)
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Resilience learning through self adaptation in digital twins of human-cyber-physical systems
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Resilience (CSR). - : IEEE. - 9781665402859 - 9781665402866 ; , s. 168-173
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-Cyber-Physical-Systems (HPCS), such as critical infrastructures in modern society, are subject to several systemic threats due to their complex interconnections and interdependencies. Management of systemic threats requires a paradigm shift from static risk assessment to holistic resilience modeling and evaluation using intelligent, data-driven and run-time approaches. In fact, the complexity and criticality of HCPS requires timely decisions considering many parameters and implications, which in turn require the adoption of advanced monitoring frameworks and evaluation tools. In order to tackle such challenge, we introduce those new paradigms in a framework named RESILTRON, envisioning Digital Twins (DT) to support decision making and improve resilience in HCPS under systemic stress. In order to represent possibly complex and heterogeneous HCPS, together with their environment and stressors, we leverage on multi-simulation approaches, combining multiple formalisms, data-driven approaches and Artificial Intelligence (AI) modelling paradigms, through a structured, modular and compositional framework. DT are used to provide an adaptive abstract representation of the system in terms of multi-layered spatially-embedded dynamic networks, and to apply self-adaptation to time-warped What-If analyses, in order to find the best sequence of decisions to ensure resilience under uncertainty and continuous HPCS evolution.
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| 10. |
- Bernardi, S., et al.
(author)
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Enabling the usage of UML in the verification of railway systems : The DAM-rail approach
- 2013
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In: Reliability Engineering & System Safety. - : Elsevier. - 0951-8320 .- 1879-0836. ; 120, s. 112-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The need for integration of model-based verification into industrial processes has produced several attempts to define Model-Driven solutions implementing a unifying approach to system development. A recent trend is to implement tool chains supporting the developer both in the design phase and V&V activities. In this Model-Driven context, specific domains require proper modelling approaches, especially for what concerns RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) analysis and fulfillment of international standards. This paper specifically addresses the definition of a Model-Driven approach for the evaluation of RAM attributes in railway applications to automatically generate formal models. For this aim we extend the MARTE-DAM UML profile with concepts related to maintenance aspects and service degradation, and show that the MARTE-DAM framework can be successfully specialized for the railway domain. Model transformations are then defined to generate Repairable Fault Tree and Bayesian Network models from MARTE-DAM specifications. The whole process is applied to the railway domain in two different availability studies. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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