| 1. |
- Hedlund, J., et al.
(författare)
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Management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated in hospital in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548. ; 34:12, s. 887-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the management of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in hospital in Sweden, a multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed with medical record review of 982 patients (mean age 63 y) at 17 departments of infectious diseases at hospitals in Sweden. Information on antimicrobial therapy, demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, physical examination findings, and laboratory and microbiological test results were recorded. Outcome measures were in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Cultures were obtained from blood in 80% and from sputum in 22% of the patients. A microbiological aetiology was determined for 23% of the patients, with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the dominating agent (9%). The initial antibiotic treatment was mostly given intravenously (78%). Penicillin (50%) or a cephalosporin (30%) was the most common choice. Both of these drugs were usually given as a single agent. The overall mortality was 3.5% and the mean LOS was 6.4 d. Thus, the outcome was favourable despite the empirical antibiotic treatment having a narrow spectrum compared with the broader approach recommended in most recent guidelines on the management of CAP. These findings suggest that a majority of patients who are hospitalized with moderately severe pneumonia can be treated initially with penicillin alone.
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| 2. |
- Albert, J., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 46:10, s. 673-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.
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| 3. |
- Follin, P, et al.
(författare)
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Effective control measures limited measles outbreak after extensive nosocomial exposures in January-February 2008 in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - 1560-7917. ; 13:30, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In January-February 2008, one imported case of measles initiated a series of exposures with around 380 nosocomial secondary contacts. Susceptible individuals were traced early and control measures were initiated that managed to limit the consequences considerably. Only four secondary cases were identified by the end of March. This minor outbreak illustrates the importance and efficiency of early control measures as well as the fact that the risk of measles outbreaks still exists in a country that has high measles, mumps, rubella vaccination coverage among children.
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| 4. |
- Fusco, F M, et al.
(författare)
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EuroNHID checklists for the assessment of high-level isolation units and referral centres for highly infectious diseases : results from the pilot phase of a European survey
- 2009
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Ingår i: CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X. ; 15:8, s. 711-719
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare settings have been identified as preferential for the transmission of many agents causing highly infectious diseases (HIDs). Infection control procedures strongly reduce the risk of transmission of HIDs in hospital settings, when adequately applied. The main objective of the European Network for Highly Infectious Diseases (EuroNHID), a network co-funded by the European Commission, is to assess the current capabilities for dealing with HIDs in Europe, specifically in the context of infection control and healthcare worker (HCW) safety, through conducting an on-the-field survey of high-level isolation units (HLIUs)/referral centres for the management of HIDs in participating countries. During the first year of the projects activities, specifically designed, evidence-based checklists were developed. This review introduces the EuroNHID checklists as a standard tool for the assessment of hospital capabilities concerning infection control and HCW safety in the management of patients with HIDs, and presents preliminary results from five HLIUs.
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| 5. |
- Lundqvist, H, et al.
(författare)
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Phagocytosis following translocation of the neutrophil b-cytochrome from the specific granule to the plasma membrane is associated with an increased leakage of reactive oxygen species.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of immunology. - 0300-9475. ; 36:6, s. 885-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of neutrophil b-cytochrome translocation on the respiratory burst activation generated during phagocytosis of yeast particles was investigated. Secretion of neutrophil specific granules was induced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin prior to phagocytosis. The secretory process is associated with a translocation from the specific granules to the plasma membrane of the respiratory burst b-cytochrome. Respiratory burst activity was measured as release of hydrogen peroxide in the absence of azide (extracellular leakage) and in the presence of azide (total production). The subcellular localization of the b-cytochrome was found to affect the extracellular release of hydrogen peroxide in that a plasma membrane localization was associated with a significantly increased release during phagocytosis. It should be pointed out, however, that most of the hydrogen peroxide, both in control and in ionomycin-treated cells, is produced intracellularly, probably in the phagosomes.
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