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- Forsberg, L., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate with focus on patients treated at least 36 months - a Swedish nationwide study of the long-term effectiveness and safety of dimethyl fumarate (IMSE5)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 25:Suppl. 2, s. 316-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). DMF is included in the Swedish post-market surveillance study “Immunomodulation and Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology” (IMSE).Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of DMF with focus on patients treated at least 36 months in the IMSE study.Methods: Descriptive data of Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions Test (EQ-5D), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Adverse Events (AEs) is obtained from the nationwide Swedish Neuro Registry (NeuroReg). Effectiveness measures were assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and drug survival using the Kaplan-Meier curve.Results: 2229 DMF-treated patients were included since March 2014 with a one- and two-year drug survival rate of 73% and 59%. The main reasons for discontinuation were AEs (51%) and lack of effect (29%). 77 AEs were reported to the Swedish Medical Products Agency of which 20 were serious. There were 6 fatal cases of which 4 were confirmed as unrelated to DMF and 2 were still under investigation.865 patients had continuous treatment for at least 36 months. This cohort had a mean age of 42 years and a mean treatment duration of 44 months. The majority had switched from interferon and glatiramer acetate (IFN&GA) (50%) or were treatment naïve (TN) (22%). Significant improvements in mean values at 36 months of treatment compared to baseline were noted for EDSS, MSSS, SDMT, MSIS-29 Psychological and EQ-5D. When TN patients were solely assessed improvements were noted for EDSS, MSSS, SDMT, MSIS-29 Physical and Psychological and EQ-5D. Treatment experienced patients displayed significant improvements only for MSSS and EQ-5D. Patients previously treated with IFN&GA also improved only in MSSS and EQ-5D. TN patients had a mean duration from diagnosis to treatment start of 6 months compared to 83 months for IFN&GA patients and 105 months for the remaining cohort.Conclusions: DMF demonstrates clinical improvements in patients treated ⩾ 36 months, most pronounced in TN patients. However; the tolerability of DMF was reduced since 41% interrupted treatment during the first 24 months of therapy. Continued follow up is needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of DMF over longer time periods in a real world setting.
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- Kågström, S., et al.
(författare)
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Improved clinical outcomes in patients treated with natalizumab for at least 8 years - real-world data from a Swedish national post-marketing surveillance study (IMSE 1)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 25:Suppl. 2, s. 763-764
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Natalizumab (NTZ) is a highly effective disease modulatory treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Post-marketing surveillance is important for evaluation of long-term safety and effectiveness in a real-world setting. To this end the “Immunomodulation and Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology Study” (IMSE 1) was initiated upon NTZ launch in Sweden (Aug 2006).Objective: To follow-up the long-term effectiveness and safety of NTZ in a real-world setting.Methods: In Sweden MS patients are registered in the nationwide Swedish Neuro Registry (NeuroReg). IMSE 1 includes patients starting NTZ treatment and data is collected from NeuroReg. Adverse events (AEs), JC-virus status (JCV) and clinical effec-tiveness measures are registered prospectively.Results: A total of 3141 patients were included in the IMSE 1 study from August 2006 until April 2019 (72% female; men age 35 years; 79% RRMS; mean treatment duration 50 months) and 288 had been treated for at least 96 months. 71% of these 288 patients (71% female; men age 37 years; 82% RRMS; mean treatment duration 118 months) were treated with interferons and glatiramer acetate prior NTZ. At some point of time, 31% (90/288) discontin-ued NTZ treatment of which 41% discontinued due to JCV posi-tive (JCV+). In total, 30% (86/288) of these patients were JCV+with a mean JCV index of 1.2±1.0 (6% missing data). Relapses before treatment were reduced from 388/1000 patient years to 54 during treatment, 62% were relapse-free and 17% had 1 relapse during the entire treatment period (12% missing data). All clinical effectiveness measures (Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)) showed statistically significant improvement between baseline and 96 months. Over the entire observation time, 104 Serious AEs had been reported to the Swedish MPA and included 9 cases (2 fatal) of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) of which 8 between 2008 and 2012, and 1in 2018. 16 patients died during or within 6 months of last NTZ infusion. None were judged to be directly associated with NTZ.Conclusions: NTZ is generally well tolerated with sustained effectiveness regarding cognitive, physical and psychological measures, as well as relapse-control. Introduction of JCV testing has led to fewer treated JCV+ patients, which likely explains a drastic drop in the incidence of PML.
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