| 1. |
- Fritzell, K., et al.
(författare)
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Making the BEST decision : The BESTa project development, implementation and evaluation of a digital Decision Aid in Swedish cancer screening programmes-a description of a research project
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:12 December
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has a long tradition of organized national population-based screening programmes. Participation rates differ between programmes and regions, being relatively high in some groups, but lower in others. To ensure an equity perspective on screening, it is desirable that individuals make an informed decision based on knowledge rather than ignorance, misconceptions, or fear. Decision Aids (DAs) are set to deliver information about different healthcare options and help individuals to visualize the values associated with each available option. DAs are not intended to guide individuals to choose one option over another. The advantage of an individual Decision Aid (iDA) is that individuals gain knowledge about cancer and screening by accessing one webpage with the possibility to communicate with health professionals and thereafter make their decision regarding participation. The objective is therefore to develop, implement and evaluate a digital iDA for individuals invited to cancer screening in Sweden. Methods This study encompasses a process-, implementation-, and outcome evaluation. Multiple methods will be applied including focus group discussions, individual interviews and the usage of the think aloud technique and self-reported questionnaire data. The project is based on The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) framework and the proposed model development process for DAs. Individuals aged 23 74, including women (the cervical-, breast-and CRC screening module) and men (the CRC screening module), will be included in the developmental process. Efforts will be made to recruit participants with selfreported physical and mental limitations, individuals without a permanent residence and ethnic minorities. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt aimed at developing an iDA for use in the Swedish context. The iDA is intended to facilitate shared decision making about participation in screening. Furthermore, the iDA is expected to increase knowledge and raise awareness about cancer and cancer screening.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Forsberg, R., et al.
(författare)
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Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra V. Molybdenum : The p-process element
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. In this work, we aim to make a differential comparison of the neutron-capture and p-process element molybdenum (Mo) in the stellar populations in the local disk(s) and the bulge, focusing on minimising possible systematic effects in the analysis. Methods. The stellar sample consists of 45 bulge and 291 local disk K-giants observed with high-resolution optical spectra. The abundances are determined by fitting synthetic spectra using the Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) code. The disk sample is separated into thin and thick disk components using a combination of abundances and kinematics. The cosmic origin of Mo is investigated and discussed by comparing with published abundances of Mo and the neutron-capture elements cerium (Ce) and europium (Eu). Results. We determine reliable Mo abundances for 35 bulge and 282 disk giants with a typical uncertainty of [Mo/Fe] similar to 0.2 and similar to 0.1 dex for the bulge and disk, respectively. Conclusions. We find that the bulge is possibly enhanced in [Mo/Fe] compared to the thick disk, which we do not observe in either [Ce/Fe] or [Eu/Fe]. This might suggest a higher past star-formation rate in the bulge; however, as we do not observe the bulge to be enhanced in [Eu/Fe], the origin of the molybdenum enhancement is yet to be constrained. Although the scatter is large, we may be observing evidence of the p-process contributing to the heavy element production in the chemical evolution of the bulge.
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| 4. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Essentials of Nursing Care in Randomized Controlled Trials of Nurse-Led Interventions in Somatic Care : A Systematic Review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 4:3, s. 181-197
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nursing practice has to contribute to evidence pointing out why there is a need for more nurse-designed randomized control trials (RCTs) focusing on evidence-based practice (EBP). How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is usually established by systematic reviews of RCTs. Nurse-led RCTs exist but no study has addressed the essentials of nursing care. Aim: The aim was therefore to determine the essentials of nurses’ interventions by means of nurse-led RCTs in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, content, strategies as well as the nurse’s role related to effectiveness. Methods: A systematic review was realized according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data extraction process (n = 55) from PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Of the RCTs in somatic care, 71% showed a positive effectiveness of nurse-led interventions, of which the nurse had a significant role with regard to being the main responsible in 67% of the studies. Also, 47% of the RCTs presented a theoretical standpoint related to the nurse-led interventions and most prominent were international evidence-based guidelines. Goals were found to have either a patient-centered or a professional-centered ambition. Strategies were based on patient-directed initiatives, nurse-patient-directed initiatives or nurse-directed initiatives, while contents were built upon either a patient-nurse interaction or a nursing management plan. Conclusions: This review underlines the necessity of a holistic view of a person, as nurse-led RCTs comprising a patient-centered ambition, patient-directed initiative and patient-nurse interaction plan showed beneficial nursing care effectiveness, particularly if theory-based. In a nurse-led RCT, a basic theoretical perspective is advantageous as well as to elucidate the role of the nurse in relation to the estimated effects.
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| 5. |
- Montelius, M., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical evolution of ytterbium in the Galactic disk
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Measuring the abundances of neutron-capture elements in Galactic disk stars is an important part of understanding key stellar and galactic processes. In the optical wavelength regime a number of different neutron-capture elements have been measured; however, only the s-process-dominated element cerium has been accurately measured for a large sample of disk stars from the infrared H band. The more r-process dominated element ytterbium has only been measured in a small subset of stars so far. Aims. In this study we aim to measure the ytterbium (Yb) abundance of local disk giants using the Yb II line at lambda(air) = 16 498 angstrom. We also compare the resulting abundance trend with cerium and europium abundances for the same stars to analyse the s- and r-process contributions. Methods. We analyse 30 K giants with high-resolution H band spectra using spectral synthesis. The very same stars have already been analysed using high-resolution optical spectra via the same method, but it was not possible to determine the abundance of Yb from those spectra due to blending issues for stars with [Fe/H] > -1. In the present analysis, we utilise the stellar parameters determined from the optical analysis. Results. We determined the Yb abundances with an estimated uncertainty for [Yb/Fe] of 0.1 dex. By comparison, we found that the [Yb/Fe] trend closely follows the [Eu/Fe] trend and has clear s-process enrichment in identified s-rich stars. This comparison confirms both that the validity of the Yb abundances is ensured and that the theoretical prediction that the s-/r-process contribution to the origin of Yb of roughly 40/60 is supported. Conclusions. These results show that, with a careful and detailed analysis of infrared spectra, reliable Yb abundances can be derived for a wider sample of cooler giants in the range -1.1 < [Fe/H] < 0.3. This is promising for further studies of the production of Yb and for the r-process channel, key for galactochemical evolution, in the infrared.
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| 6. |
- Pälvärinne, Raimo, et al.
(författare)
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The healthcare system and the provision of oral healthcare in European Union member states. Part 9: Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Dental Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0610 .- 1476-5373. ; 224:8, s. 647-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Equally accessible and affordable dental services for all population groups have been a political goal in Sweden for almost a century. All political parties have shared the idea that a person's social background should not have consequences for his or her dental status. Strategic tools to achieve this ambitious goal have been the wide use of publicly provided oral healthcare services, covering even sparsely populated areas, focusing on preventive care and significant subsidies for necessary treatments. Besides free care for children and young adults, oral healthcare is reimbursed from public funds. The public subsidy was particularly generous in 1975-1999 when a 'full clearance' of adults' dentitions was undertaken both by the public and private providers under fixed prices and high reimbursement levels for all treatment measures. Today, preventive oral healthcare for the elderly is given higher priority as most Swedes have been able to keep their natural teeth. © 2018 Nature Publishing Group. All Rights Reserved.
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