| 1. |
- Broman, Elias, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-Term Pollution Does Not Inhibit Denitrification and DNRA by Adapted Benthic Microbial Communities
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Elsevier. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 86, s. 2357-2372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denitrification in sediments is a key microbial process that removes excess fixed nitrogen, while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) converts nitrate to ammonium. Although microorganisms are responsible for essential nitrogen (N) cycling, it is not yet fully understood how these microbially mediated processes respond to toxic hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and metals. In this study, we sampled long-term polluted sediment from the outer harbor of Oskarshamn (Baltic Sea), measured denitrification and DNRA rates, and analyzed taxonomic structure and N-cycling genes of microbial communities using metagenomics. Results showed that denitrification and DNRA rates were within the range of a national reference site and other unpolluted sites in the Baltic Sea, indicating that long-term pollution did not significantly affect these processes. Furthermore, our results indicate an adaptation to metal pollution by the N-cycling microbial community. These findings suggest that denitrification and DNRA rates are affected more by eutrophication and organic enrichment than by historic pollution of metals and organic contaminants.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Dumanski, Jan P., et al.
(författare)
-
Smoking is associated with mosaic loss of chromosome Y
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 347:6217, s. 81-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for numerous disorders, including cancers affecting organs outside the respiratory tract. Epidemiological data suggest that smoking is a greater risk factor for these cancers in males compared to females. This observation, together with the fact that males have a higher incidence of and mortality from most non-sex-specific cancers, remains unexplained. Loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in blood cells is associated with increased risk of nonhematological tumors. We demonstrate here that smoking is associated with LOY in blood cells in three independent cohorts [TwinGene: odds ratio (OR) = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.8-6.7; ULSAM: OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.6-3.6; and PIVUS: OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.4-8.4] encompassing a total of 6014 men. The data also suggest that smoking has a transient and dose-dependent mutagenic effect on LOY status. The finding that smoking induces LOY thus links a preventable risk factor with the most common acquired human mutation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Forsberg, Lars A., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of genetic dissimilarity in the reproductive success and mate choice of brown trout – females fishing for optimal MHC dissimilarity
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 20:5, s. 1859-1869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the reproductive success of 48 adult brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) which were allowed to reproduce in a stream that was controlled for the absence of other trout. Parentage analyses based on 11 microsatellites permitted us to infer reproductive success and mate choice preferences in situ. We found that pairs with intermediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dissimilarity mated more often than expected by chance. It appears that female choice was the driving force behind this observation because, compared with other individuals, males with intermediate MHC dissimilarity produced a larger proportion of offspring, whereas female reproductive output did not show this pattern. Hence, rather than seeking mates with maximal MHC dissimilarity, as found in several species, brown trout seemed to prefer mates of intermediate MHC difference, thus supporting an optimality-based model for MHC-dependent mate choice.
|
|
| 5. |
- Vladic, Tomislav, et al.
(författare)
-
Sperm competition between alternative reproductive tactics of the Atlantic salmon in vitro
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 302:3-4, s. 265-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maintenance of brood stock in appropriate conditions is an important requirement for the production of high quality offspring. In this study, we investigated fertility of the two life history forms of Atlantic salmon males, precocious parr, brought up in breeding tanks in the hatchery and anadromous, migratory searanched males, caught when returning to the home river. The sperm quality was assessed by experiments between equal amount of sperm from one adult and one parr male in competition to fertilize eggs of a single female. The paternity was determined by a microsatellite analysis. Parr males achieved greater reproductive success than anadromous males under competition, and anadromous adults had greater fertility in controls as compared to the sperm competition situation. In total, parr males achieved 3.6 times greater fertilization success than anadromous males. Sperm ATP content contributed significantly to male fertility. Our results provide evidence that ejaculates of precociously mature Atlantic salmon parr are of increased quality as an adaptation to high sperm competition intensity due to better maintenance in the fish farm than in the wild.
|
|
