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- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Policy instruments towards a sustainable waste management
- 2013
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In: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 5:3, s. 841-881
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to suggest and discuss policy instruments that could lead towards a more sustainable waste management. The paper is based on evaluations from a large scale multi-disciplinary Swedish research program. The evaluations focus on environmental and economic impacts as well as social acceptance. The focus is on the Swedish waste management system but the results should be relevant also for other countries. Through the assessments and lessons learned during the research program we conclude that several policy instruments can be effective and possible to implement. Particularly, we put forward the following policy instruments: “Information”; “Compulsory recycling of recyclable materials”; “Weight-based waste fee in combination with information and developed recycling systems”; “Mandatory labeling of products containing hazardous chemicals”, “Advertisements on request only and other waste minimization measures”; and “Differentiated VAT and subsidies for some services”. Compulsory recycling of recyclable materials is the policy instrument that has the largest potential for decreasing the environmental impacts with the configurations studied here. The effects of the other policy instruments studied may be more limited and they typically need to be implemented in combination in order to have more significant impacts. Furthermore, policy makers need to take into account market and international aspects when implementing new instruments. In the more long term perspective, the above set of policy instruments may also need to be complemented with more transformational policy instruments that can significantly decrease the generation of waste.
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| 3. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(author)
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Policy Instruments towards a sustainable waste management
- 2016
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In: Solid waste management: Policy and planning for a sustainable society. - : Apple Academic Press. - 9781771883740 - 9780429091650 ; , s. 185-246, s. 185-246
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Finnveden, Göran, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Regeringen måste satsa på resurseffektivt samhälle
- 2013
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In: Dagens nyheter. - : AB Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2013-04-01
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Regeringen förbereder en avfallspolitisk proposition. Den kommer förhoppningsvis att klargöra vem som ska ha ansvaret att samla in våra förpackningar. Men fokus borde också ligga på hur vi kan gå mot ett samhälle där resurser används så effektivt som möjligt, skriver forskare på miljöområdet.
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| 5. |
- Forsfält, Tomas, 1964-
(author)
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Timing options and taxation : essays on the economics of firm creation and tax evasion
- 1999
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Taxation of Small Firms under Uncertainty: A Real Option View of Firm CreationThis paper addresses the impact of the tax system on the incentives to become self-employed. The new approach here is that the creation of a firm is assumed to be an opportunity but not an obligation, that is, a real option. A comprehensive income tax system and a “dual” tax system of the Nordic type are compared. The comprehensive system yields a higher threshold with respect to creating a firm than the dual system.Swedish data on disposable income for different socio-economic groups are used to evaluate the relevance of the critical assumptions in the model and to find parameter estimates. A result is that the assumptions are consistent with data for white-collar labor but not for blue-collar labor.The Effects of Risk Aversion and Age on Investments in New FirmsHow does the age of risk-averse individuals affect investments in private projects? This question is analyzed under the assumption that such individuals have to invest a large fraction of their personal wealth in order to establish a new firm. Thresholds conditional on age that trigger a switch from one asset to another are derived in a continuous-time portfolio choice model with zero-or-one choices. As the investor gets older - and depending on random events - not only wealth, but also the thresholds, might increase. Thus, there are two counteracting effects on the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur.Tax Evasion: A Real Option ApproachA theoretical model of excise tax evasion is developed in this paper. The dynamics of a change in tax policy is derived, under the assumption that consumers benefit from a lower price when entering a “black market”. However, entry also imposes a sunk cost, which gives rise to asymmetric effects and persistence effects on both aggregate demand and on tax revenues. An increase in the tax rate instantaneously brings more entrants into the black market, whereas a tax cut has no short-run effects on the fraction of the population that has access to the black market.
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