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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Fransson Torsten) ;pers:(Laumert Björn)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Fransson Torsten) > Laumert Björn

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1.
  • Strand, Torsten, et al. (författare)
  • On the Significance of Concentrated Solar Power R&D in Sweden
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, Linköping.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is an emerging renewable energy technology that has the potential to provide a major part of European energy needs at competitive cost levels. Swedish industry is strongly involved in CSP-based energy production either in the form of growing providers on the European energy market or as developers and producers of key components for CSP power plants. The growing industrial interest is reflected and accompanied by state of the art research in this field at the Department of Energy Technology at KTH. In the present paper the main challenges and opportunities for CSP R&D are presented and linked to the industrial environment and interests in Sweden. Related to these challenges, an overview of the latest research activities and results at the Department of Energy Technology is given with examples concerning CSP plant operation and optimisation, techno- economic cycle studies and high temperature solar receiver development.
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2.
  • Wang, Wujun (författare)
  • Development of an Impinging Receiver for Solar Dish-Brayton Systems
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A new receiver concept utilizing impinging jet cooling technology has been developed for a small scale solar dish-Brayton system. In a typical impinging receiver design, the jet nozzles are distributed evenly around the cylindrical absorber wall above the solar peak flux region for managing the temperature at an acceptable level. The absorbed solar irradiation is partially lost to the ambient by radiation and natural convection heat transfer, the major part is conducted through the wall and taken away by the impingement jets to drive a gas turbine. Since the thermal power requirement of a 5 kWe Compower® micro gas turbine (MGT) perfectly matches with the power collected by the EuroDish when the design Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) input is 800 W/m2, the boundary conditions for the impinging receiver design in this work are based on the combination of the Compower®MGT and the EuroDish system.In order to quickly find feasible receiver geometries and impinging jet nozzle arrangements for achieving acceptable temperature level and temperature distributions on the absorber cavity wall, a novel inverse design method (IDM) has been developed based on a combination of a ray-tracing model and a heat transfer analytical model. In this design method, a heat transfer model of the absorber wall is used for analyzing the main heat transfer process between the cavity wall outer surface, the inner surface and the working fluid. A ray-tracing model is utilized for obtaining the solar radiative boundary conditions for the heat transfer model. Furthermore, the minimum stagnation heat transfer coefficient, the jet pitch and the maximum pressure drop governing equations are used for narrowing down the possible nozzle arrangements. Finally, the curves for the required total heat transfer coefficient distribution are obtained and compared with different selected impinging arrangements on the working fluid side, and candidate design configurations are obtained.Furthermore, a numerical conjugate heat transfer model combined with a ray-tracing model was developed validating the inverse design method and for studying the thermal performance of an impinging receiver in detail. With the help of the modified inverse design method and the numerical conjugate heat transfer model, two impinging receivers based on sintered α-SiC (SSiC) and stainless steel 253 MA material have been successfully designed. The detailed analyses show that for the 253 MA impinging receiver, the average air temperature at the outlet and the thermal efficiency can reach 1071.5 K and 82.7% at a DNI level of 800 W/m2 matching the system requirements well. Furthermore, the local temperature differences on the absorber can be reduced to 130 K and 149 K for two different DNI levels, which is a significant reduction and improvement compared with earlier published cavity receiver designs. The inverse design method has also been verified to be an efficient way in reducing the calculation costs during the design procedure.For the validation and demonstration of the receiver designs, a unique experimental facility was designed and constructed. The facility is a novel high flux solar simulator utilizing for the first time Fresnel lenses to concentrate the light of 12 commercial high power Xenon-arc lamps. Finally, a prototype of a 253 MA based impinging was experimentally studied with the help of the 84 kWe Fresnel lens based high flux solar simulator in KTH.
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3.
  • Aichmayer, Lukas, et al. (författare)
  • Micro Gas-Turbine Design for Small-Scale Hybrid Solar Power Plants
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. - : ASME International. - 0742-4795 .- 1528-8919. ; 135:11, s. 113001-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hybrid solar micro gas-turbines are a promising technology for supplying controllable low-carbon electricity in off-grid regions. A thermoeconomic model of three different hybrid micro gas-turbine power plant layouts has been developed, allowing their environmental and economic performance to be analyzed. In terms of receiver design, it was shown that the pressure drop is a key criterion. However, for recuperated layouts, the combined pressure drop of the recuperator and receiver is more important. In terms of both electricity costs and carbon emissions, the internally-fired recuperated micro gas-turbine was shown to be the most promising solution of the three configurations evaluated. Compared to competing diesel generators, the electricity costs from hybrid solar units are between 10% and 43% lower, while specific CO2 emissions are reduced by 20–35%.
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4.
  • Aichmayer, Lukas, et al. (författare)
  • Micro Gas-Turbine Design for Small-Scale Hybrid Solar Power Plants
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2013. San Antonio, USA. June 3-7. - : ASME. - 9780791855188
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hybrid solar micro gas-turbines are a promising technology for supplying controllable low-carbon electricity in off-grid regions. A thermoeconomic model of three different hybrid micro gas-turbine power plant layouts has been developed, allowing their environmental and economic performance to be analyzed. In terms of receiver design, it was shown that the pressure drop is a key criterion. However, for recuperated layouts the combined pressure drop of the recuperator and receiver is more important. The internally-fired recuperated micro gas-turbine was shown to be the most promising solution of the three configurations evaluated, in terms of both electricity costs and carbon emissions. Compared to competing diesel generators, the electricity costs from hybrid solar units are between 10% and 43% lower, while specific CO2 emissions are reduced by 20 – 35%.
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5.
  • Fridh, Jens (författare)
  • Experimental Investigation of Performance, Flow Interactions and Rotor Forcing in Axial Partial Admission Turbines
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The thesis comprises a collection of four papers with preceding summary and supplementary appendices. The core investigation solely is of experimental nature although reference and comparisons with numerical models will be addressed. The first admission stage in an industrial steam turbine is referred to as the control stage if partial admission is applied. In order to achieve high part load efficiency and a high control stage output it is routinely applied in industrial steam turbines used in combined heat and power plants which frequently operate at part load. The inlet flow is individually throttled into separate annular arcs leading to the first stator row. Furthermore, partial admission is sometimes used in small-scale turbine stages to avoid short vanes/blades in order to reduce the impact from the tip leakage and endwall losses. There are three main aspects regarding partial admission turbines that need to be addressed. Firstly, there are specific aerodynamic losses: pumping-, emptying- and filling losses attributed to the partial admission stage. Secondly, if it is a multistage turbine, the downstream stages experience non-periodic flow around the periphery and circumferential pressure gradients and flow angle variations that produce additional mixing losses. Thirdly, the aeromechanical condition is different compared to full admission turbines and the forcing on downstream components is also circumferentially non-periodic with transient load changes. Although general explanations for partial admission losses exist in open literature, details and loss mechanisms have not been addressed in the same extent as for other sources of losses in full admission turbines. Generally applicable loss correlations are still lacking. High cycle fatigue due to unforeseen excitation frequencies or due to under estimated force magnitudes, or a combination of both causes control stage breakdowns. The main objectives of this thesis are to experimentally explore and determine performance and losses for a wide range of partial admission configurations. And, to perform a forced response analysis from experimental data for the axial test turbine presented herein in order to establish the forced response environment and identify particularities important for the design of control stages. Performance measurements concerning the efficiency trends and principal circumferential and axial pressure distortions demonstrate the applicability of the partial admission setup employed in the test turbine. Findings reveal that the reaction degree around the circumference varies considerably and large flow angle deviations downstream of the first rotor are present, not only in conjunction to the sector ends but stretching far into the admission sector. Furthermore, it is found that the flow capacity coefficient increases with reduced admission degree and the filling process locally generates large rotor incidence variation associated with high loss. Moreover, the off design conditions and efficiency deficit of downstream stages are evaluated and shown to be important when considering the overall turbine efficiency. By going from one to two arcs at 52.4% admission nearly a 10% reduction in the second stage partial admission loss, at design operating point was deduced from measurements. Ensemble averaged results from rotating unsteady pressure measurements indicate roughly a doubling of the normalized relative dynamic pressure at rotor emptying compared to an undisturbed part of the admission jet for 76.2% admission. Forced response analysis reveals that a large number of low engine order force impulses are added or highly amplified due to partial admission because of the blockage, pumping, loading and unloading processes. For the test turbine investigated herein it is entirely a combination of number of rotor blades and low engine order excitations that cause forced response vibrations. One possible design approach in order to change the force spectrum is to alter the relationship between admitted and non-admitted arc lengths.
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6.
  • Fridh, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • Forced Response in axial turbines under the influence of partial admission
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: ASME Turbo Expo 2012 - Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Copenhagen, June 11-15, 2012. - : ASME Press. - 9780791844731 ; , s. 1419-1429
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High cycle fatigue (HCF) due to unforeseen excitation frequencies or due to under predicted force magnitudes, or a combination of both causes control stage failures for steam turbine stakeholders. The objectives of this paper is to provide an extended design criteria toolbox and validation data for control stage design based on experimental data, with the aim to decrease HCF incidents for partial admission turbines. The upstream rotor in a two stage air test turbine is instrumented with pressure transducers and strain gauges. Admission degrees stretching from 28.6% to 100% as one or two admission arcs are simulated by blocking segmental arcs immediately upstream of first stator vanes by aerodynamically shaped filling blocks. Sweeps across a speed range from 50 to 105% of design speed are performed at constant turbine pressure ratio during simultaneous high speed acquisition. A forced response analysis is performed and results presented in Campbell diagrams. Partial admission creates a large number of low engine order forced responses because of the blockage, pumping, loading and unloading processes. Combinations of the number of rotor blades and low engine order excitations are the principal sources of forced response vibrations for the turbine studied herein. Altering the stator and/or rotor pitches will change the excitation pattern. A relation between the circumferential lengths of the admitted and non-admitted arcs that dictates the excitation forces is observed that may serve as a design parameter.
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7.
  • Fridh, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • Forced Response in Axial Turbines Under the Influence of Partial Admission
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of turbomachinery. - : ASME International. - 0889-504X .- 1528-8900. ; 135:4, s. 041014-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • High cycle fatigue (HCF) due to unforeseen excitation frequencies, underestimated force magnitudes, or a combination of both causes control-stage failures for steam turbine stakeholders. This paper provides an extended design criteria toolbox, as well as validation data, for control-stage design based on experimental data to reduce HCF incidents in partial-admission turbines. The upstream rotor in a two-stage air test turbine is instrumented with pressure transducers and strain gauges. Admission degrees extend from 28.6% to 100%, as one or two admission arcs are simulated by blocking segmental arcs immediately upstream of the first stator vanes with aerodynamically shaped filling blocks. Sweeps across a speed range of 50%-105% of design speed are performed at a constant turbine pressure ratio during simultaneous high-speed acquisition. A forced-response analysis is performed and results presented in Campbell diagrams. Partial admission creates a large number of low-engine-order forced responses because of the blockage, pumping, loading, and unloading processes. Combinations of the number of rotor blades and low-engine-order excitations are the principal sources of forced-response vibrations for the turbine studied here. Altering the stator and/or rotor pitches changes the excitation pattern. We observed that a relationship between the circumferential lengths of the admitted and nonadmitted arcs dictates the excitation forces and may serve as a design parameter.
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8.
  • Guedez, Rafael, et al. (författare)
  • Optimization of Thermal Energy Storage Integration Strategies for Peak Power Production by Concentrating Solar Power Plants
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOLARPACES 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 1642-1651
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The integration of thermal energy storage systems in concentrating solar thermal power plants allows power production to be shifted from times where there is low demand to periods where electricity prices are higher. Although increasing the total investment, thermal energy storage can therefore enhance profitability of the solar power plant. The present study presents optimum power plant configurations for a given location considering different price-based grid integration strategies. Such optimum plant configurations were determined using a thermo-economic optimization approach where the operating strategy was set such that electricity was generated once the market price exceeds a given price level, defined as the minimum price selling indicator. Plants were optimized for different indicator values to cover designs from base load and peak power production. For each of these price-operating strategies, optimum plant configurations were found by varying two solar-related design parameters, namely the solar multiple and the storage size, whilst simultaneously evaluating the economic performance of each design. Finally, an economic analysis was performed for each of the optimum power plants, assuming financial conditions throughout the lifetime of the power plant. Results show that the optimum plant configurations vary with respect to the chosen operating strategy. Optimum configurations for peak power production yielded relatively smaller storage units than that of the optimum baseload plants. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that under current cost estimations, and for the specified location, concentrating solar thermal power is not an attractive option for utility-grid investors. However, it is shown that when considering a reduction in investment costs or the possibility of having renewable electricity incentives such as the investment tax credit treasury cash grant, concentrating solar thermal power plants can become an economically viable technology.
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9.
  • Guédez, Rafael, et al. (författare)
  • Reducing the Number of Turbine Starts in Concentrating Solar Power Plants through the Integration of Thermal Energy Storage
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME TurboExpo 2013. - 9780791855188
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The operation of steam turbine units in solar thermal power plants is very different than in conventional base-load plants. Due to the variability of the solar resource, much higher frequencies of plant start-ups are encountered. This study provides an insight to the influence of thermal energy storage integration on the typical cycling operation of solar thermal power plants. It is demonstrated that the integration of storage leads to significant reductions in the annual number of turbine starts and is thus beneficial to the turbine lifetime. At the same time, the effects of storage integration on the electricity costs are analyzed to ensure that the designs remain economically competitive. Large storage capacities, can allow the plant to be shifted from a daily starting regime to one where less than 20 plant starts occur annually. Additionally, the concept of equivalent operating hours is used to further analyze the direct impact of storage integration on the maintenance planning of the turbine units.
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