| 1. |
- Fredman, Peter, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Approaches to foresight recreation and tourism in nature : Experiences from the Nordic Region
- 2023. - 1st
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Nature Based Tourism Development. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003230748 - 9781032137704 ; , s. 131-148
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses approaches to do foresights in outdoor recreation and tourism in nature, based on research from the Nordic countries. This region has a long-standing reputation for promoting outdoor recreation, with associated policies aiming to support this tradition for the benefit of future generations and environmental engagement. To do so successfully, one key input is improving the knowledge of outdoor recreational participation, associated trends, and future development. In this chapter, we therefore review different monitoring approaches to trend analyses as a means of forecasting participation and discuss supplementary approaches to foresight in outdoor recreation. We operationalize the Nordic context through studies undertaken in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Our examination shows that the tradition of national surveys and on-site visitor monitoring has proven effective. However, contemporary changes in society call for additional approaches to better understand future outdoor recreation. We therefore share experiences from several different approaches to foresight in outdoor recreation. This will inform future research as well as managers, entrepreneurs, planners and policymakers in their decision-making.
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| 2. |
- Fredman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Besök och besökare i fjällen : Resultat från en undersökning avseende svenskarnas fritidsaktiviteter i fjällen, besök i olika fjällområden, landskapsrelationer, fjällen i sociala medier, upplevelser av vindkraft och attityder till skyddad natur
- 2014
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- FörordI den här rapporten redovisas några första sammanställningar från en nationell enkätundersökning avseende svenskarnas fritidsaktiviteter i fjällen, deras besök i olika fjällområden, landskapsrelationer, fjällens roll i sociala medier, upplevelser av vindkraft och attityder till skyddad natur. Enkäten ingår som en del i projekten "Bortom konflikter" och "Den nya fjällupplevelsen" inom ramen för Naturvårdsverkets forskningssatsning"Storslagen fjällmiljö" (www.storslagnafjall.se). Utifrån materialet i denna rapport kommer framöver olika fördjupningar och kompletteringar att göras, vilka kommer redovisas påolika sätt–vetenskapligt och populärvetenskapligt. Det är vår förhoppning att dessa studier blir en viktig del i referensramen för alla de beslut som fattas av myndigheter, företag och politiker när det gäller det fortsatta arbetet för en hållbar utveckling i fjällen. För dagens och framtidens grupper, aktiviteter och ideal kommer att avgöra hur hållbar utvecklingen blir–och dagens besökare i fjällen är här en av nyckelgrupperna.
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| 3. |
- Fredman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Dagens miljömål och framtidens fjällupplevelser: Iakttagelser av aktivitetsmönster, landskapsrelationer och kommunikationsformer
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten "Dagens miljömål och framtidens fjällupplevelser – Iakttagelser av aktivitetsmönster, landskapsrelationer och kommunikationsformer" ger inledningsvis en bakgrund till fjällupplevelser och en genomgång av de metoder som använts i projektet. Därefter följer en beskrivning av de förändringar forskarna anser kunna se i de olika datamaterial som samlats in, följt av en diskussion av dagens miljökvalitetsmål i förhållande till framtidens fjällupplevelser.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fredman, Peter, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature-based tourism in a Nordic context
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature-based Tourism. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78990 402 4 ; , s. 2-15
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we describe the Nordic region as a tourist destination primarily illustrated with examples from Norway, Sweden and Finland. The east–west and north–south gradients of these countries capture many of the special features of nature-based tourism in the Nordic region. In the context of tourism, it makes sense to speak in terms of a destination rather than a region, being a key concept of institutionalized tourism. However, regardless if one takes an economic geography, marketing management, customer, or cultural oriented approach (Saraniemi and Kylänen, 2011), we believe the Nordic region has much in common also as a tourist destination. We also argue there is a common understanding of what nature-based tourism is among the Nordic countries, which can be expressed as human activities occurring when visiting nature areas outside the ordinary neighborhood, or put differently, where the key attraction factor is nature and key activities are based on the nature environment (Koivula and Saastamoinen, 2005). For a more in-depth discussion about definitions of nature-based tourism we refer to the Introduction to this volume.
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| 6. |
- Fredman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Naturturism– en växande bransch
- 2014
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Ingår i: Skogen och kulturlandskapet. - Alnarp : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Godtman Kling, Kristin
(författare)
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Access to Nature through Tourism : A Study of Four Perspectives on Inclusive Nature-based Tourism
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nature experiences and participation in nature-based activities are increasingly recognised as beneficial to public and individual health, yet in most societies, the ability for people to take advantage of opportunities to acquire these benefits is unequal. Social constructs such as gender and disability, as well as levels of income and education, influence to what extent individuals can engage with nature, and there is growing concern over the increased disconnectedness from nature in urbanised societies. Nature-based tourism and outdoor recreation is argued to have an important role to play in rekindling this relationship between humans and the natural environment. Based on this, there is a real need to examine people’s access to nature through nature-based tourism. This thesis studies access to nature through the four perspectives of infrastructure, conflicts of interests, exclusion and collaboration, in order to broaden the scope of how nature-based tourism can support equal opportunities to nature experiences. The included papers employ mixed-methods research from three case study areas in Sweden, with a particular focus on the southern Jämtland mountains. The four perspectives that constitute the framework of this thesis are expressed in each of the papers. Paper I reviews research on infrastructure for touristic purposes, and lays the foundation for paper II, where I examine the role of recreational trails in handling issues of collaboration and conflicts of interests in a mountain area affected by land-use conflicts. Paper III investigates exclusion from outdoor recreation activities from a gender perspective, and paper IV researches how accessible infrastructure, intended for people with disabilities to access protected areas, can give rise to conflicts between the competing interests of nature conservation and accessibility. Together, the findings in these papers suggest that although equal access to nature is desirable, there is a need to problematize the many layers of the concept. Improved access for one group can reduce access for another, and facilitated access to natural areas can cause problems of crowding and environmental degradation. This paradox requires further highlighting. Moreover, I argue that the call for a reconnection with nature to foster environmental responsibility, and to counteract declining public health in societies is exclusive, as constructs of gender and disability give unequal prerequisites to nature engagement. Despite this, access to nature is a democratic right, so although there is a need to recognise the complexity of access, I advocate for collaborative efforts to enhance access to nature for marginalised groups, and to consider aspects of access in land-use conflict management.
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| 9. |
- Godtman Kling, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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The Multi-functional Trail : An International Literature Review and the Case of Trails in Southern Jämtland Mountains, Sweden
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report provides an overview of international research on recreational trails, and presents results from a Swedish case study on trails in the southern Jämtland mountains.The report consists of three parts, beginning with a literature review on recreational trails in non-urban areas in international research. In this section, a quantitative literature review was conducted and 195 papers on recreational trails published in academic journals were reviewed and categorized, in order to gain insights on where there is research on trails, what trails have been assessed and what methods have been used, what trail activities and trail functions have been researched, and where research gaps remain. Results from the literature review reveal that research on recreational trails has been given increased attention within the academia, as the majority of the reviewed papers were published between 2000 and 2016. Results also show that research is geographically uneven, with a majority of the studies being conducted in the USA and Australia and little research has been conducted in Asia, Africa and South- and Central America. The literature review also reveal that research on different trail types and trail functions is limited, with a majority of the studies researching the trail types traditional backcountry trail and wilderness track, i.e. trails in natural settings and/or remote wilderness areas. Research was primarily based on natural sciences with an emphasis on environmental and ecological aspects of trails, such as erosion and wear and tear on the surrounding environment, and there was less research on social aspects of recreational trails, such as conflict management and public health. The trail-based activity dominating research is hiking, although there appears to be an increase in studies researching multiple activities. Based on the findings of the literature review, it is suggested that future research on recreational trails should stimulate studies in under-represented regions, and a need for more studies on winter use is recognized. Also, there is a need for studies looking at the opportunities and challenges of multiple-use trails, as well as studies looking at conflicts associated with trail use. The second part of this report concerns the case study area and visitors’ trail use. Findings from an on-site visitor survey from the summer of 2013 is presented. This visitor survey was conducted in the study area to collect information on visitor attitudes, experiences and preferences, and for this report, only questions about trail usage and attitudes towards trails have been used in the analysis. For this report, analysis of the questions regarding trails in the survey aimed to capture Swedish and international recreationists’ and tourists’ use and perceptions about trail management and conditions of trails. Some survey questions are also compared with a previous visitor survey done in the same area in 1999 to capture if there are any changes over time regarding Swedish visitors’ attitudes. Results show that the availability of marked trails is important to both Swedish and international visitors, and that these two visitor-groups have similar thoughts regarding the importance of the availability of marked trails. Just above 80 % think that the availability of marked trails is an important factor when they decided to visit the area. Results from the on-site visitor survey also show that the majority of the visitors use trails during their visit. A majority of the respondents also think the quality of the marked trails is good or very good. Only 4% of the international and the Swedish respondents respectively, state that trail quality is bad. The third part of the report concerns stakeholders’ perceptions of trails in the case study area. Results from this section is based on answers from a web-based survey about trails in the southern Jämtland mountains that was distributed to stakeholders in the case study area, and a two-day workshop that was organized among stakeholders with the purpose of discussing current and future use/management of trails in the southern Jämtland mountains. Stakeholders represent Sami organizations, tourism organizations and entrepreneurs, local service providers and lodges, and public authorities, both from Norway and Sweden. The survey concerned questions regarding the role of trails in general and potential conflicts associated with trails, marked trails in the area, historical trails and unmarked trails, and the respondents own use of trails in the study area. Topics discussed during the workshop included definitions of trails, how they are used and their importance; if current trails fulfil the intended purpose; management and information; and conflicts associated with trails in the area. Future needs were also discussed, as well as new trails and changes in the trail system; future challenges in trail management, finance and responsibility; future challenges and solutions; and future co-operation between Sweden and Norway regarding trails. Key findings from the survey and workshop among the stakeholder group in the southern Jämtland mountains, reveal that trails are an important feature for successful management of this area. Their role to facilitate accessibility and visitor experiences, channel usage, protect nature, provide guidance and interpretation, facilitate reindeer herding, support nature protection and increase safety are important according to the stakeholders in the area.
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| 10. |
- Godtman Kling, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Trails for Tourism and Outdoor Recreation: A Systematic Literature Review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tourism. - 1332-7461 .- 1849-1545. ; 65:4, s. 488-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trails are important elements in the natural and cultural landscape, and many ancient pathways have developed into routes of great significance for recreation and tourism in contemporary societies. By conducting a systematic quantitative literature review, this paper report on the status of international trail research and analyzes some of the key content with focus on trails for tourism and outdoor recreation in non-urban settings. For this purpose, we reviewed 195 research papers published in peer-reviewed academic journals. Results show that research on trails for tourism and outdoor recreation is primarily from English-speaking Western countries. The most studied trail-based activity is hiking, but there has been an increase in the number of studies researching multiple activities. Results also show that international trail research to a large extent is based on the natural sciences, and focus on environmental and managerial aspects of trail use. This review identifies gaps in trail research, especially in a socio-cultural context on topics such as heritage and public health. Research on conflicts between different recreational trail-based activities is also relatively scarce, as well as studies concerning conflicts between trail-based recreation interests and other land-use interests. We also identify a need for an exploration of the trail concept, as research has not yet articulated a clear definition of what a trail is. The paper also includes analyses of changes in trail-related research over time.
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