| 1. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Which students skip school? A comparative study of sociodemographic factors and student absenteeism using PISA data
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores which students–with regard to gender, socio-economic background and migration background–skip school in Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK) according to PISA data. Students who skip school are observed in many countries, but there is not much systematic research that studies this across countries. Comparable data is to a large extent missing. PISA data offers an opportunity to use comparable data. In PISA, students were asked in 2018, 2015 and 2012 whether they had skipped school a whole day in the last two weeks prior to their completion of the PISA student questionnaire. Patterns of how absence relates to sociodemographic factors vary in countries and school systems. In the comparison between the four countries the UK stands out as having a higher percentage of students who have reported that they have skipped school than in the other countries. This does not seem to be related to any specific group of students. Japan also stands out with a lower percentage of students who have reported that they have skipped school. According to PISA data, skipping school is more related to socio-economic background than any other of the variables studied. The socio-economic background seems to be related to skipping school in all three PISA studies in Sweden and the UK. Gender seems not to be an important factor in the four countries. In Sweden and Germany there is a lower percentage of non-immigrant students who report that they have skipped school than first-and second-generation immigrant students. In the UK the figures are more ambiguous. When the percentages of students skipping school are compared over time and in the countries, it is difficult to find any trends, but the data only covered three measurements during a period of six years, which may be too short a time span to see trends.
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| 2. |
- Enderle, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary school students’ perspectives on supports for overcoming school attendance problems : a qualitative case study in Germany
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - 2504-284X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: School attendance problems (SAPs) affect both the education and development of young learners. There is a need to better understand what supports are needed to overcome and prevent SAPs from students’ perspectives. The aim of the current study is to explore students’ perspectives on what challenges they faced, and what they perceived as helpful in overcoming attendance challenges on their pathways towards completing their education.Method: We conducted interviews with students (n = 9) in a local comprehensive school (Stadtteilschule) in the city-state Hamburg in Germany. Students were in their final year before obtaining a certificate that qualifies them for possible admission to post-secondary education. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Findings show that students experienced complex challenges to school attendance that were associated with emotional distress, negative school experiences, and reduced well-being. Our findings point to common protective mechanisms in students’ perceptions of what helped them overcome SAPs. The key drivers of school attendance are located within students and their social contexts, including personal resilience, supportive relationships at school, and the social environment.Discussion: Based on students’ views, we present a model that illustrates the interconnectedness of perceived challenges and supports in the function of risk and protective factors moving across ecological systems in the development of SAPs. We highlight how these areas can guide prevention and intervention to support students in successfully completing their education and transitioning into multiple post-secondary pathways.
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Learning to Read Using Computers : A Longitudinal Study from Grade 1 to Grade 3 in Four Swedish schools
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Literacy Research. - : Cappelen Damm AS - Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 2464-1596. ; 5:3, s. 24-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is based on a longitudinal study in a municipality that decided to organise a project including the use of computers and extra remedial education in initial reading and writing instruction from the first to the third grade. The study may be regarded as quasi-experimental with 110 students in two project schools and 59 students in two control schools. To explore the extent to which the use of computers in reading instruction made a difference, we followed students in the four schools from Grade 1 to Grade 3. The students’ language skills were tested regularly with different test instruments. In addition to the tests, the students answered a questionnaire, and teachers and principals were interviewed. It was not possible to conclude that the teaching methods in the control schools yielded better reading and writing development than the project schools or vice versa. The results were ambiguous, the control schools performed slightly better in one test in grade 3 and the project schools on another test, when accounting for linguistic awareness in grade 1 and other factors.
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| 4. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Reading and education for students of immigrant origin in some Swedish municipalities
- 2009
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Ingår i: US-China Education Review. - Libertyville, IL : David Publishing. - 1548-6613 .- 1930-1529. ; 6:11, s. 17-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers from Mid Sweden University and Kalmar University organised surveys on reading skills in Swedish municipalities. This paper will focus on the surveys made in four municipalities between 2002 and 2007. All students in grade 8 in these four municipalities participated in the surveys-in total 16, 287 students. These surveys included a reading test for the students and information about the students collected from the teachers, including participation in instruction in Swedish as a second language and in their mother tongues. Students of immigrant origin in Sweden are offered the possibility to participate in instruction in Swedish as a second language and in instruction in the student's mother tongue. No obvious trends over time in the participation in Swedish as a second language and mother tongue instruction were found in the four municipalities on the tests we gave, in spite of national trends. There was no difference in results on the reading tests in Swedish between those students who participated in mother tongue instruction and those who did not, but there was a difference in test results between those who participated in Swedish as a second language and those who did not. Those who did not participate (in Swedish as a second language instruction) did, on average, score higher on the test. When different language groups are compared, it can be noted that a majority in all groups of immigrant students neither participate in Swedish as a second language nor in mother tongue instruction. However, there are important differences between boys and girls and between language groups. Girls seemed to be more willing than boys to participate in voluntary mother tongue instruction, while boys more often than girls had to participate in compulsory lessons in Swedish as a second language.
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| 5. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf
(författare)
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Reading skills among students of Iimmigrant origin in Stockholm.
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Stockholm utgör elever med invandrarbakgrund ungefär en fjärdedel av alla elever. Läsning är en central färdighet av betydelse för elevers möjligheter att lyckas i skolan. Läsförmågan hos 11 179 elever med invandrarbakgrund i årskurs 3 i Stockholms skolor under åren 1993 - 1999 jämförs med 33 915 "svenska" elever under samma period. De svenska eleverna läser bättre än eleverna med invandrarbakgrund. På test där eleverna enbart läste fristående ord var skillnaden mindre än när eleverna läste hela texter. Elever med invandrarbakgrund var kraftigt överrepresenterade i de skolor som hade de lägsta medelvärdena på testen. När olika grupper av elever med invandrarbakgrund jämfördes med varandra så fanns stora skillnader. Elever som var födda och uppvuxna i Sverige läste bättre än de som själva invandrat. Elever från några språkgrupper läste lika bra och i något fall t.o.m. bättre än de svenska eleverna, medan elever från andra språkgrupper hade resultat på lästesten som var betydligt under de svenska elevernas resultat. När elever med invandrarbakgrund som deltagit i modersmålsundervisning eller gått i tvåspråkiga klasser jämfördes med de som ej deltagit i någon modersmålsundervisning fanns inga skillnader mellan gruppernas medelvärden på lästesten på svenska. När resultaten på lästest för elever som 1994 gick i årskurs 3 och 1999 i årskurs 8 (alltså till stor del samma elever, men fem år äldre) jämfördes var skillnaden i testresultat mellan de svenska eleverna och de elever med invandrarbakgrund som bott hela livet i Sverige den samma 1999 som 1994.
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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School absenteeism among students in Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom: : A comparative study using PISA data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE). - 2535-4051. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School absenteeism is a challenge in many countries. Still, there are few comparisons between countries, which is partly due to a lack of shared definitions of concepts. This article makes use of PISA data to compare self-reported student absenteeism in Germany, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (UK). Three data sets are used, from 2012, 2015, and 2018. The self-reported absenteeism, which is referred to as truancy in the PISA studies, was measured as having skipped a whole school day at least once in the two full weeks before students completed the PISA student questionnaire.The results show great variation between the studied countries, from 24.4% in the UK in 2015 to 1.5% in Japan in 2012. The percentage of students who reported having skipped school is much higher in the UK than in the other three countries. The differences between the countries concerning the percentage of students reporting having been absent from school are significant for all years, except between Sweden and Germany in 2015. Germany and the UK have a similar pattern in development, with the highest percentages in 2015, while Sweden and Japan have small (albeit not significant) increases from 2012 to 2018. The UK is the only country where the changes between 2012 and 2015 as well as between 2015 and 2018 were significant.It is not possible to see any obvious patterns between the countries that might be linked to differences related to their welfare regimes, education systems, or values. To find such patterns, it may be necessary either to include more countries in a study or to conduct more in-depth studies on each country.
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| 7. |
- Oskarsson, Magnus, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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PISA 2015 - Bakgrund och metoder med exempel
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- År 2015 genomfördes för sjätte gången OECD:s internationella kunskaps-undersökning PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). Studien har sedan 2000 genomförts vart tredje år och undersöker 15-åriga elevers kunskaper i naturvetenskap, läsförståelse och matematik. PISA syftar också till att öka förståelsen för orsakerna till och konsekvenserna av observerade skillnader i kunskaper.Vid varje mätning turas de tre kunskapsområdena om att vara huvud-område. I PISA 2015 är naturvetenskap huvudområde för andra gången. Innehållet i PISA utformas utifrån ett ramverk som uppdateras varje gång kunskapsområdet är huvudområde. Denna rapport beskriver ramverket för naturvetenskap, läsförståelse och matematik och är en svensk sammanfattning av PISA 2015 Assessment and Analytical Framework. Science, Reading, Mathematic and Financial Literacy, som tagits fram av OECD. Rapporten innehåller också exempel på provuppgifter till eleverna. Rapporten är en bilaga till Skolverkets rapport 450, PISA 2015. 15-åringars kunskaper i naturvetenskap, läsförståelse och matematik, där några av de viktigaste resultaten från PISA 2015 presenteras med fokus på Sverige.Författarna till denna rapport är de forskare som ansvarat för naturveten-skap, läsförståelse och matematik i PISA 2015.Eva Lundgren på Skolverket har det övergripande ansvaret för PISA i Sverige. På Skolverkets uppdrag har PISA 2015 genomförts av Mittuniversitetet i samarbete med Stockholms universitet. Mittuniversitetet har haft det operativa ansvaret och även ansvarat för naturvetenskap medan Stockholms universitet ansvarat för matematik och läsförståelse. Magnus Oskarsson har varit nationell projektledare och har tillsammans med Maria Lundgren och Lena Lenner ansvarat för studiens praktiska genomförande. Magnus Oskarsson har också tillsammans med Nina Eliasson och K-G Karlsson ansvarat för naturvetenskap. Ulf Fredriksson och Maria Rasmusson har ansvarat för läsförståelse, samt Astrid Pettersson och Samuel Sollerman ansvarat för matematik.Skolverket vill rikta ett stort tack till alla som arbetat med PISA 2015 och framför allt till de cirka 5 500 elever som deltagit och till deras lärare och rektorer!
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| 8. |
- Petersson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Police officer involved shootings - retrospective study of situational characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Police Practice & Research. - : Routledge. - 1561-4263 .- 1477-271X. ; 18:3, s. 306-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study analyzed the situational characteristics of 112 incidents where police used firearms to handle high threat situations. Most shooting incidents emanated from usually uneventful tasks, e.g., handling burglaries or disturbances. The assailants were commonly armed with firearms (26%), sharp (27%) or blunt objects (10%). The incidents were regularly short-lasting (in 39% were shots fired 3s from threat emerged) and occurred at short distances (in 42% at distances 3m). Predominantly, the first responders had to address the situation and did so with warning shots or, equally common, with fire-for-effect shots (40%) or a combination thereof. Psychological stress was manifested as feelings of panic at some point and as motor skill alterations, e.g., firing without using sights and with one hand only. Analysis of these incidents shows that all field duty police officers should receive training in handling potentially life-threatening, sudden, close-range attacks.
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| 9. |
- Rasmusson, Maria, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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PISA, reading literacy, and computer-based assessment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Northern Light on TIMSS and PISA 2018. - Köpenhamn : Nordic Council of Ministers. - 9789289355650 - 9789289355667 ; , s. 123-160
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The OECD changed the mode of delivery in PISA 2015 from a paper-based assessment (PBA) to a computer-based assessment (CBA). In PISA 2015, four countries improved their results in all three tested domains, and three of these were Nordic countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden). Students in the Nordic countries have significant experience in using digital devices, and this might be a plausible explanation for the improved results. In line with this, the results from South Korea and Turkey, two countries with a low average use of computers and the Internet, deteriorated when the test mode was changed. It is of vital importance to ensure that the PISA results from the computer-based test are comparable to previous results if countries are to make policy decisions based on the results. The overarching purpose of the present study is to explore how the change from PBA to CBA was associated with the Nordic students’ performance on the reading tasks in PISA in relation to item format, gender, computer experience, and the three reading aspects that were assessed. The analysis was performed on the overall results in reading literacy as well as the specific items that were used in both PISA 2012 and PISA 2015, in all the Nordic countries. Among the Nordic countries, there were no dramatic changes in the results on reading literacy in PISA 2015 compared to PISA 2012. Only in Sweden was a major 124Northern Lights on TIMSS and PISA 2018change observed. Our findings show that in comparisonwith the other Nordic countries, Sweden seems to have a larger group of students who spend large amounts of time on the Internet, and this group improved their results on PISA 2015 compared with PISA 2012 more than other groups in Sweden and more than similar groups in the other Nordic countries. All of the Nordic countries showed a decreased proportion of students who gave no response to items and who did not complete all items in the PISA test on reading literacy. At the same time, the proportion of full-credit responses and no-credit responses increased.
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| 10. |
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