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- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Do Students Correctly Estimate Their Reading Ability? : A Study of Stockholm Students in Grades 3 and 8
- 2011
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Ingår i: Reading Psychology. - Washington, D.C : Hemisphere Publishing Corp.. - 0270-2711 .- 1521-0685. ; 32:4, s. 301-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from a survey in Stockholm are used to look at differences between how students´ self-concepts and self-efficacy relate to actual reading skills, differences between how boys and girls estimate their reading, and differences between how older and younger students estimate their reading. A quarter of the students made correct self-assessmmments of their reading. A majority overestimated their skills. The ability to self-assess reading skills among boys and girls seems to depend on how they are asked. There was only a small difference in favor of older students when students in Grades 3 and 8 were compared.
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| 4. |
- Fredriksson, Ulf, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Strengths and Weaknesses in the Swedish and Swiss Education Systems : a comparative analysis based on PISA data
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Educational Research Journal. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Symposium Journals Ltd. - 1474-9041. ; 1:1, s. 54-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden and Switzerland are among the wealthiest countries in the world, but also two countries with different approaches to how to provide welfare. Sweden has followed a social democratic welfare model and Switzerland a liberal model. This has implications for how the education systems have been organised. The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study makes it possible to compare the achievements of students in reading and mathematics. Students in Switzerland are significantly better than Swedish students in mathematics. In reading, Swedish students are significantly better than Swiss students. In both countries, girls are better readers than boys. The gender difference in reading is larger in Sweden than in Switzerland. Boys are better than girls in mathematics. The gender difference in mathematics is smaller in Sweden than in Switzerland. The difference in reading between natives and non-natives is considerably lower in Sweden than in Switzerland. Sweden is among those countries where the variance between schools is very low. In Switzerland the variation in student performance among schools is higher than the average in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Both education systems may be regarded to be of high quality in an international perspective. The Swedish system has, with the exception of the gender gap in reading, produced a system that seems to have a higher degree of equity than the Swiss system.
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| 5. |
- Moksnes, Per-Olav, et al.
(författare)
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Fritidsbåtars påverkan på grunda kustekosystem i Sverige
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has a long and beautiful coastline with extensive archipelagos that offer exceptional conditions for recreational boating. There are more than 700 000 recreational boats in Sweden, which is one of the highest numbers in the world in relation to the population size. Small tidal differences and many sheltered bays also provide good conditions for storing boats at docks and piers and jetties. As a result, large areas of the Swedish coast are today covered with docks and marinas for recreational boats. The large number of boats and docks could have substantial negative effects on the environment. However, the understanding of the cumulative impact of recreational boating on Swedish coastal ecosystem has so far been incomplete. The goal with this report from the Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment has been to compile and summarize the present state of knowledge regarding how recreational boating affect shallow coastal ecosystems in Sweden, to determine the extent of the impact and if the development is sustainable. The aim has been to present scientific knowledge on these topics in an accessible way in order to facilitate the development of a more sustainable management of recreational boating in Sweden.The scientific literature strongly support that recreational boating generates many negative effects on the marine environment. Recreational boating requires a number of physical structures and generate a number activities that each results in several different pressures on the environment. An increased number of marinas, docks and dredged canals results in losses of important habitats, as well as long-term deterioration of the environmental conditions locally. Dredging and dumping of dredge material results in increased turbidity and dispersal of sediment, nutrients and pollutants over large areas with negative effects on many aquatic organisms, e.g. vegetation, fishes and mussels. Traffic from recreational boats and anchoring result in increased turbidity and sediment erosion as well as damage to habitats. Motor boats also create underwater noise that can disturb e.g. fishes, seals and porpoises. In addition, recreational boating result in substantial emissions of toxic substances and pollution from e.g. antifouling paint and combustion engines.More than 60% of all docks and marinas are found in wave sheltered, shallow (<3 m) areas with soft bottoms, despite that this environment only constitute 25% of shallow coastal areas in Sweden. These sheltered areas are well suited for storing boats, but also constitute one of the most productive and valuable environments along the coast. They are important environments for vegetation such as seagrass, pondweed and stoneworts, which in turn constitute important spawning and nursery areas for a large number of fish and invertebrates. The report shows that these shallow soft bottom environments are very sensitive to a majority of the stressors that recreational boating generate. Boating therefore create a disproportionally large impact on environments with high values.Although the impact from a single recreational boat or dock is limited, the cumulative effect is substantial because of the sheer number. According to recent inventories, there are today almost 110 000 docks along the Swedish coast covering almost 2 000 km of bottom. In comparison with the 1960s, the amount of docks has increased with almost 160%, which today constitutes an increase of 1 700 new docks per year. Recent studies show that vegetation is degraded as the number of docks and boats increase within shallow, wave sheltered areas. It is estimated that almost 20% of this important environment is negatively affected by recreational boating today; in the County of Stockholm and Västra Götaland around 30% of shallow, wave sheltered areas are estimated to be impacted. Despite several management measures in the last decades to decrease coastal exploitation, there are no signs that the rate of exploitation is decreasing.The large number of recreational boats with combustion engines, the trend of increasing engine size, and the fact that engines lack all forms of emission control result in substantial emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Recent estimates suggest that the emissions from recreational boats are very high and comparable with other types of transport in Sweden. Emission of toxic copper from antifouling paint on recreational boats is also substantial and contributes to the high levels of copper in coastal waters, which is above the limit for good ecological status in 85% of the assessed coastal water bodies.Although most boat owners likely spend time at sea because they enjoy and care about the environment, the results presented in this report show that recreational boating have a substantial negative impact on the coastal environment, particularly in shallow, wave protected areas. In these areas, today’s use and development of recreational boating cannot be considered sustainable. However, the report also shows that there are ways to decrease the environmental impact from recreational boating. By changing the way we use and store recreational boats, and by improving management we can still allow coming generations to enjoy unexploited coastal environments with clear water and a rich plant and animal life.The report ends by discussing new, possible measures and solutions for a more sustainable use of recreational boats in Sweden, which could be a starting point for continuing such work. These include e.g. to identify vulnerable coastal environments in order to steer away exploitation and recreational boat traffic from these areas. By storing boats on land, the need for docks, dredging and toxic antifouling paint could decrease. Reduced speed limits and access limitations for recreational motorboats in certain areas could decrease negative impact on the most vulnerable habitats. Finally, new, environmentally friendly technology, and new financial instruments could be used to decrease negative impacts and create a more sustainable development of recreational boating.
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| 7. |
- Taube, Karin, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Läsförståelsen i PISA
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Rustad att möta framtiden?. - Stockholm : Skolverket. ; , s. 28-96
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Svenska 15-åringars läsförståelse i relation till jämnårigas i övriga OECD-länder presenteras. Läsförmågan bland de svenska ungdomarna har gått ned mellan 2000 och 2009.
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| 8. |
- Taube, Karin, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Svenska elevers läsning
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Svenskämnet i går, i dag, i morgon.. - Stockholm : Svensklärarföreningen. - 9789127429659 ; , s. 162-177
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resultat från nationella och internationella undersökningar av elevers läsförståelse, läsattityder och läsvanor redovisas. Flickors och pojkars läsprestationer och läsvanor jämförs. Svenska elevers läsförmåga började försämras under den andra delen av 90-talet. Flickor är i jämförelse med pojkar genomsnittligt bättre läsare, läser mer och är mer positiva till att läsa. Generellt är svenska elever i dag mindre intresserade av läsning än tidigare. Nedgången i läsförmåga antas vara ett resultat av flera samverkande faktorer. Med stor sannolikhet antas följande faktorer ha haft betydelse därvidlag: förändrade läsvanor bland barn och ungdomar, minskad likvärdighet i svenska skola och ökad utbredning av individuellt arbete i skolan.
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| 9. |
- Öman, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the mechanism of injury in non-fatal vehicle-to-pedestrian and vehicle-to-bicyclist frontal crashes in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-7300 .- 1745-7319. ; 23:4, s. 405-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare injuries and injury sources in pedestrian and bicyclist non-fatal real-life frontal passengercar crashes, considering in what way pedestrian injury mitigation systems also might be adequate for bicyclists. Data from 203 non-fatal vehicle-to-pedestrian and vehicle-to-bicyclist crashes from 1997 through 2006 in a city in northern Sweden were analysed by use of the hospitals injury data base in addition to interviews with the injured. In vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes (n = 103) head and neck injuries were in general due to hitting the windscreen frame, while in vehicle-to-bicycle crashes (n = 100) head and neck injuries were typically sustained by ground impact. Abdominal, pelvic and thoracic injuries in pedestrians and thoracic injuries in bicyclists were in general caused by impacting the bonnet. In vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes, energy reducing airbags at critical impact points with low yielding ability on the car, as the bonnet and the windscreen frame, might reduce injuries. As vehicle-to-bicyclist crashes occurred mostly in good lighting conditions and visibility and the ground impact causing almost four times as many injuries as an impact to the different regions of the car, crash avoidance systems as well as separating bicyclists from motor traffic, may contribute to mitigate these injuries.
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