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| 2. |
- Ammann, B, et al.
(författare)
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Switzerland
- 1996
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berglund, B E, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden
- 1996
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Cui, Qiao-Yu
(författare)
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Fire history in the hemiboreal and southern boreal zones of southern Sweden during 11000 years : Relationships with past vegetation composition and human activities and implications for biodiversity issues
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies fire history over the last 11 000 years (Holocene) in central Småland, southern Sweden, on the basis of palaeoecological analyses of peat sequences from three small bogs (Notteryd, Stavsåkra and Storasjö). The main objective is to gain insights into the long-term relationships between fire, climate, human-impact, other environmental factors and the history of biodiversity in the study region. The following hypotheses are tested: 1) there are no between-site differences in i) Holocene fire history, ii) abundance of deciduous trees versus pine and forest openness over the Holocene, and iii) landscape history over the last three centuries, and 2) there are no within-site differences in the Holocene charcoal records.Hypothesis 1 (i-iii) is tested using all charcoal records (three sites) and pollen-based Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) estimates of past percentage cover of plant taxa and land-use/vegetation units over the last three centuries (test of the LRA using historical maps), and the entire Holocene. Hypothesis 2 is tested using two parallel charcoal records from the same core at Notteryd. The charcoal data comprise continuous records of macroscopic charcoal (macro-C), microscopic charcoal records from pollen slides, and identification of charcoal fragments to plant taxa. Chronologies are based on series of 14C dates from terrestrial plant remains and age-depth models achieved using Bayesian statistics.Accumulation rates (AR) of the area of macro-C was found to be better to use than AR of the number of macro-C for interpretation of the results. Within-site differences in charcoal records exist and have to be considered. Besides climate, forest tree-composition (related to geomorphological settings) was shown to play a primordial role in Early and Mid-Holocene fire history, while land-use was a major factor in the Late Holocene. Three different histories of forest development and land-use changes within the same region are revealed, implying a multitude of landscape types over time and space. These long-term landscape histories were at the origin of the high biodiversity still existing in the 18th century. Major landscape transformations due to agrarian reforms since the 18th century resulted in a dramatic loss of landscape and species biodiversity over the last two centuries.
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| 6. |
- Fontana, Sonia L., 1969-
(författare)
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Present and Past Coastal Dune Environments of South Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to describe present and past coastal dune environments in southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The present vegetation of a dune system and its zonation are described on the basis of air photographs, physiognomy of the dune system and floristic composition. The vegetation was characterized by a large number of Poaceae and Asteraceae species. Five vegetation zones, based on floristic composition, were defined by cluster analysis. Pollen-vegetation comparison revealed that pollen assemblages differed considerably from the associated vegetation. Some of the major discrepancies were caused by large differences between pollen and vegetation proportion of Hyalis argentea and Discaria americana. However, the local vegetation was well represented in recent soil samples. Pollen traps recorded predominantly extralocal and regional pollen. A new species of ostracods was recovered from an interdunal lake. The species, a giant cypridid, was described and illustrated, and its geographical distribution and ecology were discussed. Two sediment sequences from the coastal intertidal zone and from a shallow freshwater lake were analysed for loss on ignition, calcareous microfossils (ostracods and foraminifers), macro remains and pollen. The coastal sequence was deposited between 7890 and 7630 cal. BP. Its pollen assemblages were typical for halophytic associations, with some psammophytic taxa also present in recent vegetation. The microfossils were representative of a littoral lagoon. The lake sequence comprised the last 3000 cal. BP. Pollen spectra indicated a relatively stable vegetation composition after the lake had been formed. Pollen assemblages reflected the present regional grassland vegetation with taxa characteristic for the surrounding dune communities. Human settlement was indicated in the pollen spectra by the presence of introduced taxa in the uppermost samples. The data presented provide a useful reference for the interpretation of fossil sequences from similar environments.
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