| 1. |
- Vieira-Silva, S., et al.
(författare)
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Statin therapy is associated with lower prevalence of gut microbiota dysbiosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 581:7808, s. 310-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbiome community typing analyses have recently identified the Bacteroides2 (Bact2) enterotype, an intestinal microbiota configuration that is associated with systemic inflammation and has a high prevalence in loose stools in humans1,2. Bact2 is characterized by a high proportion of Bacteroides, a low proportion of Faecalibacterium and low microbial cell densities1,2, and its prevalence varies from 13% in a general population cohort to as high as 78% in patients with inflammatory bowel disease2. Reported changes in stool consistency3 and inflammation status4 during the progression towards obesity and metabolic comorbidities led us to propose that these developments might similarly correlate with an increased prevalence of the potentially dysbiotic Bact2 enterotype. Here, by exploring obesity-associated microbiota alterations in the quantitative faecal metagenomes of the cross-sectional MetaCardis Body Mass Index Spectrum cohort (n=888), we identify statin therapy as a key covariate of microbiome diversification. By focusing on a subcohort of participants that are not medicated with statins, we find that the prevalence of Bact2 correlates with body mass index, increasing from 3.90% in lean or overweight participants to 17.73% in obese participants. Systemic inflammation levels in Bact2-enterotyped individuals are higher than predicted on the basis of their obesity status, indicative of Bact2 as a dysbiotic microbiome constellation. We also observe that obesity-associated microbiota dysbiosis is negatively associated with statin treatment, resulting in a lower Bact2 prevalence of 5.88% in statin-medicated obese participants. This finding is validated in both the accompanying MetaCardis cardiovascular disease dataset (n = 282) and the independent Flemish Gut Flora Project population cohort (n=2,345). The potential benefits of statins in this context will require further evaluation in a prospective clinical trial to ascertain whether the effect is reproducible in a randomized population and before considering their application as microbiota-modulating therapeutics. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Patrik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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A categorical approach to unication of generalised terms
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1571-0661. ; 66:5, s. 41-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unification of generalised terms in a many-valued setting involves considerations for equalities in the sense of similarity degrees between operators and thus similarities between terms. Further, allowing for substitutions of variables with powersets of terms requires ‘flattening’ operators for handling composition of variable substitutions. These techniques are available when using powerset functors composed with the term functor so that this composition of functors is extendable to a monad. In this paper we provide a framework for unification of such generalised terms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eklund, Patrik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for unication using powersets of terms
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proc. 9th Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge Based Systems Conference (IPMU 2002). ; , s. 1095-1098
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Patrik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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A graphical approach to monad composition
- 2001
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Ingår i: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. - 1571-0661. ; 40, s. 145-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we show how composite expressions involving natural transformations can be pictorially represented in order to provide graphical proof support for providing monad compositions. Examples are drawn using powerset monads composed with the term monad.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eklund, Patrik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Composing submonads
- 2001
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Ingår i: 31st IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 2001. Proceedings.. - Warsaw, Poland : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769510833 ; , s. 367-372
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we use the concept of subfunctors and submonads in order to provide a technique for constructing new monads from given ones. We study some properties of these constructions and provide more examples on monad compositions
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Powersets of Terms and Composite Monads
- 2004
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Ingår i: Technical Report, UMINF. - Umeå : Department of Computing Science. - 0348-0542. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composing various powerset functors with the term monad gives rise to the concept of generalised terms. This in turn provides a technique for handling many-valued sets of terms in a framework of variable substitutions, thus being the prerequisite for categorical unification in many-valued logic programming using an extended notion of terms. As constructions of monads involve complicated calculations with natural transformations, proofs are supported by a graphical approach that provides a useful tool for handling various conditions, such as those well-known for distributive laws.
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| 9. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Powersets of terms and composite monads
- 2007
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Ingår i: Fuzzy sets and systems (Print). - Amsterdam : North-Holland. - 0165-0114 .- 1872-6801. ; 158:23, s. 2552-2574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composing various powerset functors with the term monad gives rise to the concept of generalized terms. This in turn provides a technique for handling many-valued sets of terms in a framework of variable substitutions, thus being the prerequisite for categorical unification in many-valued logic programming using an extended notion of terms. As constructions of monads involve complicated calculations with natural transformations, proofs are supported by a graphical approach that provides a useful tool for handling various conditions, such as those well known for distributive laws. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
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