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| 2. |
- Holmér, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Respiration and air flow pattern and airflow patterns during incremental exercise with respirators
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental ergonomics XI : proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden - proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden. - 1650-9773. - 9163170620 ; , s. 455-458
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Kuklane, Kalev, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of clothing insulation by serial and parallel model, their effect on clothing choice by IREQ and thermal responses in the cold
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental ergonomics XI : proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden - proceedings of the 11th International Conference, 22-26 May, 2005, Ystad, Sweden. - 1650-9773. - 9163170620 ; , s. 445-448
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eggeling, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Validating an advanced smartphone application for thermal advising in cold environments
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - 1432-1254. ; 67:12, s. 1957-1964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ClimApp smartphone application was developed to merge meteorological forecast data with personal information for individualized and improved thermal warning during heat and cold stress and for indoor comfort in buildings. For cold environments, ClimApp predicts the personal thermal stress and strain by the use of the Insulation REQuired model that combines weather and personal physiological data with additional consideration of the Wind Chill index based on the local weather forecast. In this study, we validated the individualized ClimApp index relative to measurements and compared it with the Universal Temperature Climate Index (UTCI). To this aim, 55 participants (27 females) were exposed to at least 1 h in an outdoor environment of 10 °C or below (average 1.4 °C air temperature, 74.9% relative humidity, and 4.7 m/s air velocity) inputting their activity level and clothing insulation as instructed by ClimApp. The UTCI and ClimApp indices were calculated and compared to the participants' perceived thermal sensation. The ClimApp index root mean square deviation (RMSD) was below the standard deviation of the perceived thermal sensation which indicates a valid prediction and the UTCI RMSD was higher than the standard deviation which indicates an invalid prediction. The correlation of ClimApp and UTCI to the perceived thermal sensation was statistically significant for both models.
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| 6. |
- Gao, Chuansi
(författare)
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Phase-change materials (PCMs) for warming or cooling in protective clothing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Protective Clothing : Managing Thermal Stress - Managing Thermal Stress. - : Elsevier. - 9781782420323 - 9781782420408 ; , s. 227-249
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The various types of phase-change materials (PCMs), which absorb or release stored latent heat when they change phases causing cooling and warming effects, are described and the working principles are outlined. The various ways of incorporating PCMs into textiles for protective clothing are explored, and critical factors identified that determine the effectiveness of PCM cooling and warming effects. Examples of applications are given. Standards and testing, future trends and challenges are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Halder, Amitava, et al.
(författare)
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Limitations of oxygen uptake and leg muscle activity during ascending evacuation in stairways
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870. ; 66, s. 52-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stair ascending performance is critical during evacuation from buildings and underground infrastructures. Healthy subjects performed self-paced ascent in three settings: 13 floor building, 31 floor building, 33 m stationary subway escalator. To investigate leg muscle and cardiorespiratory capacities and how they constrain performance, oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR) and ascending speed were measured in all three; electromyography (EMG) in the first two. The VO2 and HR ranged from 89-96 % of the maximum capacity reported in the literature. The average highest VO2 and HR ranged from 39-41 mL·kg-1·min-1 and 162-174 b·min-1, respectively. The subjects were able to sustain their initial preferred maximum pace for a short duration, while the average step rate was 92-95 steps·min-1. In average, VO2 reached relatively stable values at ≈37 mL·kg-1·min-1. EMG amplitudes decreased significantly and frequencies were unchanged. Speed reductions indicate that climbing capacity declined in the process of fatigue development. In the two buildings, the reduction of muscle power allowed the subjects to extend their tolerance and complete ascents in the 48 m and 109 m high stairways in 2.9 and 7.8 minutes, respectively. Muscle activity interpretation squares were developed and proved advantageous to observe fatigue and recovery over time.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lu, Yehu, et al.
(författare)
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A novel personal cooling system (PCS) incorporated with phase change materials (PCMs) and ventilation fans: An investigation on its cooling efficiency
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4565. ; 52, s. 137-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personal cooling systems (PCS) have been developed to mitigate the impact of severe heat stress for humans working in hot environments. It is still a great challenge to develop PCSs that are portable, inexpensive, and effective. We studied the performance of a new hybrid PCS incorporating both ventilation fans and phase change materials (PCMs). The cooling efficiency of the newly developed PCS was investigated on a sweating manikin in two hot conditions: hot humid (HH, 34 °C, 75% RH) and hot dry (HD, 34 °C, 28% RH). Four test scenarios were selected: fans off with no PCMs (i.e., Fan-off, the CONTROL), fans on with no PCMs (i.e., Fan-on), fans off with fully solidified PCMs (i.e., PCM+Fan-off), and fans on with fully solidified PCMs (i.e., PCM+Fan-on). It was found that the addition of PCMs provided a 54∼78 min cooling in HH condition. In contrast, the PCMs only offered a 19–39 min cooling in HD condition. In both conditions, the ventilation fans greatly enhanced the evaporative heat loss compared with Fan-off. The hybrid PCS (i.e., PCM+Fan-on) provided a continuous cooling effect during the three-hour test and the average cooling rate for the whole body was around 111 and 315 W in HH and HD conditions, respectively. Overall, the new hybrid PCS may be an effective means of ameliorating symptoms of heat stress in both hot-humid and hot-dry environments.
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| 10. |
- Lu, Yehu, et al.
(författare)
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Types of thermal manikin
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Textile Institute Book Series: Manikins for Textile Evaluation. - 9780081009093 - 9780081009505 ; , s. 25-54
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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