| 1. |
- Fahlgren, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Person-centered osteopathic practice: patients’ personality (body, mind, and soul) and health (Ill-being and well-being)
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 3:e1349, s. 1-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Osteopathic philosophy and practice are congruent with the biopsychosocial model, a patient-centered approach when treating disease, and the view of the person as a unity (i.e., body, mind, and soul). Nevertheless, a unity of being should involve a systematic person-centered understanding of the patient’s personality as a biopsychosociospiritual construct that influences health (i.e., well-being and ill-being). We suggest Cloninger’s personality model, comprising temperament (i.e., body) and character (i.e., mind and soul), as a genuine paradigm for implementation in osteopathic practice. As a first step, we investigated (1) the relationships between personality and health among osteopathic patients, (2) differences in personality between patients and a control group, and (3) differences in health within patients depending on the presenting problem and gender. Method. 524 osteopathic patients in Sweden (age mean = 46.17, SD = 12.54, 388 females and 136 males) responded to an online survey comprising the Temperament and Character Inventory and measures of health (well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, harmony in life, energy, and resilience; ill-being: negative affect, anxiety, depression, stress, and dysfunction and suffering associated to the presenting problem). We conducted two structural equation models to investigate the association personality-health; graphically compared the patients’ personality T-scores to those of the control group and compared the mean raw scores using t-tests; and conducted two multivariate analyses of variance, using age as covariate, to compare patients’ health in relation to their presenting problem and gender. Results. The patients’ personality explained the variance of all of the well-being (R2 between .19 and .54) and four of the ill-being (R2 between .05 and .43) measures. Importantly, self-transcendence, the spiritual aspect of personality, was associated to high levels of positive emotions and resilience. Osteopathic patients, compared to controls, scored higher in six of the seven personality dimensions. These differences were, however, not considerably large (divergences in T-scores were <1 SD, Cohen’s d between 0.12 and 0.40). Presenting problem and gender did not have an effect on any of the health measures. Conclusion. The patient’s personality as a ternary construct (i.e., body, mind, and soul), which is in line with osteopathy, is associated to both well-being and ill-being. The lack of substantial differences in personality between patients and controls implies that the patients had not any personality disorders. Hence, osteopaths might, with proper education, be able to coach their patients to self-awareness. The lack of differences in health variables between osteopathic patients with different presenting problems suggests that practitioners should focus on the person’s health regardless of the type of presenting problem.
|
|
| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Could the Longitudinal Participant Please Stand Up?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigated differences in personality and health between osteopathic patients who agreed to participate and those who opted out from subsequent surveys. Most of the differences lied in personality traits. Hence, any participation bias in future studies might depend on the research questions’ relationship to participants’ personality.
|
|
| 3. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of Temperament and Character Profiles among Swedish Osteopathic Patients
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigated the relationship between temperament and character profiles within Swedish osteopathic patients. The results suggest, for example, that patients with an “Explosive” or “Methodical” temperament profile might need to address aspects related to self-control and/or spirituality to make self-directed choices to improve their own health.
|
|
| 4. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Interaction of Health-Related Personality Profiles (Temperament and Character) in Patients
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Evidence Live 16, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A patient's personality is the result of the dynamic interaction of a complex non-linear biopsychosocial system and the external environment to which she/he is continuously adapting to. This interaction is what leads the person to make self-directed choices for her/his well-being, for example, avoiding overeating or smoking. We investigated how temperament profiles are related to character profiles among Swedish osteopathic patients (N = 524). Personality was measured using theTemperament and Character Inventory Revised. The patients' temperament profiles were constructed by dividing their scores in high and low (N = high novelty seeking, n = low novelty seeking, H = high harm avoidance, h = low harm avoidance, R = high reward dependence; r = low reward dependence): NHR "Sensitive", NHr "Explosive", NhR "Passionate", Nhr "Adventurous", nHR "Cautious", nHr "Methodical", nhR "Reliable", nhr "Independent". The character profiles were constructed in the same way (S = high self-directedness, C = high cooperativeness, T = high self-transcendence; s = low self- directedness, c = low cooperativeness, t = low self-transcendence): SCT "Creative", SCt "Organized", ScT "Fanatical", Sct "Autocratic", sCT "Moody", sCt "Dependent", scT "Disorganized", sct "Depressive". We compared temperament and character profiles to see whether there was an agreement between the different combinations of personality dimensions using an exact cell-wise analysis. The results showed, for example, that a "Disorganized" character profile was typical for both an "Explosive" (Chi2=13.06, p<.001) and a "Methodical" (Chi2=6.89, p<.01) temperament profile. Suggesting that health issues in patients with any of these temperament profiles need to address aspects related to the self and others (e.g., self-control, empathy). However, both of these temperament profiles were also typical for the "Depressive" character profile (Chi2=3.23, p<.05 and Chi2=15.03, p<.001, respectively). That is, some patients with these temperament profiles might also need to address aspects related to spirituality to improve their health. The understanding of the person in front might be facilitated by a systematic paradigm that explains personality as an adaptive complex biopsychosociospiritual system. For example, patients with an "Explosive" and/or "Methodical" temperament profile might need to address aspects related to self-control, empathy and/or spirituality to make self-directed choices to improve their own health.
|
|
| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Person-Centered Osteopathic Practice using a Biopsychosocialspiritual Model of Personality
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To understand osteopathic patients’ health we propose the implementation of a person-centered approach using Cloninger’s model of personality. Here we investigated the relationship between patients’ personality and well- being, personality differences to controls, and differences in health within patients depending on presenting problem and gender.
|
|
