| 1. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Creative utterances about person-centered care among future health care professionals are related to reward dependence rather than to a creative personality profile
- 2019
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 5:3, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Creativity can be defined as the creation of something that is novel, useful, and valuable for society (i.e., high-level creativity) and/or everyday life. In this context, people have implicit theories of creativity as being either nonmalleable (i.e., a fixed creative mindset) or malleable (i.e., a growth creative mindset). Our aim was twofold: (1) to test an improved creative mindset priming paradigm (i.e., adding high-level/everyday creativity perspectives and using an organizational important task) by assessing if participants used different ways to answer to the prime and (2) to analyse the relationship between personality and creative utterances regarding an important topic in participants ' future professions. Method: Students (N = 73) from different health care professions were randomly assigned to the non-malleable or malleable creative mindset priming paradigm (i.e., fixed vs. growth) and then asked to write about (a) their own creativity, (b) person-centered care in their professions (i.e., unusual use test), and to (c) self-rate their personality (Temperament and Character Inventory). We used natural language processing methods (i.e., Latent Semantic Algorithm) to analyse participants ' responses in the different conditions and also responses in relation to selfreported personality. Results: The fixed versus growth condition was predicted (r = .55, p < 0.0001), following Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons by participants' descriptions about creativity. Although the condition was not predicted (r = .07, p < 0.2755) by participants ' utterances about person-centered care, a t-test suggested that participants used words that were semantically different depending on the condition they were randomly assigned to (t(2371) = 5.82, p = .0000). For instance, participants in the growth condition used verbs more frequently, while those in the fixed condition used the personal pronoun I more often. Finally, only the temperament trait of reward dependence (r = .32, p < 0.01) predicted the person-centered care utterances. Conclusion: We argue that the paradigm successfully primed participants to write about creativity and person-centered care using narratives with different semantic content. However, individuals ' ambition to be socially accepted, rather than creative personality traits, elicited the utterances about person-centered care. The creative mindset priming paradigm presented here along language processing methods might be useful for measuring creative potential at work. We suggest that if health care personnel ' s notions of the activities related to care are generated from their drive to be socially accepted and not from a truly creative profile, the activities might be self-serving and not person-centered.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Person-Centered Care
- 2018
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Person-centered care is a model for health care that involves a biopsychosocial approach on health (physical, psychological, and social) and the person (body, mind, and psyche; Cloninger, 2004, 2013ab) through the alliance between the one giving care and the one seeking care as equal partners. One of the main aims is to implement a process that goes beyond the diagnostic formulation of identifying a disease state or ill-health, that is, a process of total health status, including ill-being and well-being (Mezzich et al., 2016). A second main aim is to empower the person seeking care to make self-directed informed choices to promote well-being in all planes of her/his life by including her/his subjective narratives, values, and meanings of illness and health as well as personal preferences and choices in treatment and care (Wong & Cloninger, 2010). A third main aim is the promotion of a working alliance in the health care process (Rogers, 1946; Kitwood & Bredin, 1992). This alliance includes the health care personnel, the person seeking the care, significant others, and also other community stakeholders involved in the health care of the person.
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| 3. |
- Rylander, Pär, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Will the Peer Leader Please Stand Up? The Personality of the Peer Leader in Elite and Non-Elite Sport Teams.
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology. - : Consortia Academia Publishing. - 2243-7681 .- 2243-769X. ; 3:1, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine associations between self-reported personal characteristics (i.e., skills and Big-Five traits) and peer leadership in team sports at elite and non-elite levels. At a general level, the peer-rated leadership was positively correlated with self-reported athletic skill, positive affect and Openness, while negatively correlated with negative affect and Neuroticism. Moreover, peer leadership was predicted by Extraversion in the non-elite group, while counter-predicted by Agreeableness in the elite group. Suggesting that athletic level might provide a “strong” (elite level) and a “weak” (non-elite level) context in which different traits predict who is perceived as a leader.
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| 4. |
- Sanmartín, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Affective Latent Profiles and Personality Dimensions in Spanish Children
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 145-158
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: During the last years, the affective profiles model has been applied to study individual differences among Spanish children in psychological characteristics, such as optimism and pessimism. This research has replicated past studies from adult and adolescent Swedish populations by identifying four profiles using clustering methods on self-reports of children’s experience of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA): self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA), high affective (high PA and high NA), low affective (low PA and NA), and self-destructive (low PA and high NA). Nevertheless, only a few studies have investigated individual differences in personality using the affective profiles model as the framework, none of them among children. Personality is, for instance, a topic with an important impact on child development. Moreover, more advanced person-centred techniques for the clustering of profiles need to be tested to confirm these observed patterns of affectivity or profiles. Aims: Our aims were the identification of affective profiles through latent class analysis (LCA) and to test individual differences in personality between children with these distinct affective profiles. Methods: The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form (PANAS-C-SF) was used to assess positive and negative affect and the Big-Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) to measures the traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. These instruments were administered to a sample of 533 Spanish children aged between 8 and 11 (M = 9.77; SD = 1.09). LCA was used to identify the affective profiles and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to study differences in personality traits between children with distinct affective profiles. Results: Three, rather than four, affective latent profiles were identified: self-fulfilling, self-destructive, and neutral affective profile (characterised by neutral scores both in PA and in NA, that is, neither high nor low). The children with a self-fulfilling profile reported the highest scores in Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness in comparison with the rest of the profiles, whereas the children with a self-destructive profile reported higher scores in Neuroticism in comparison with children with a self-fulfilling profile. Conclusions: We verified a three affective profile distribution through LCA, including a new group characterised by neutral affect. Moreover, adaptive personality traits (high Extraversion, high Openness, high Agreeableness, high Conscientiousness, and low Neuroticism) were found to be related to children with a self-fulfilling profile, whereas maladaptive personality traits (e.g. high Neuroticism) were related to children with a self-destructive profile. We suggest that these findings need to be considered in the creation of person-centred programmes for children that aim to promote well-being, welfare, and positive affect and to reduce stress and negative affect.
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| 5. |
- Al Nima, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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The ABC of happiness: Validation of the tridimensional model of subjective well-being (affect, cognition, and behavior) using Bifactor Polytomous Multidimensional Item Response Theory
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : CELL PRESS. - 2405-8440. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Happiness is often conceptualized as subjective well-being, which comprises people's evaluations of emotional experiences (i.e., the affective dimension: positive and negative feelings and emotions) and judgements of a self-imposed ideal (i.e., the cognitive dimension: life satisfaction). Recent research has established these two dimensions as primary parts of a higher order factor. However, theoretical, conceptual, and empirical work suggest that people's evaluations of harmony in their life (i.e., the sense of balance and capacity to behave and adapt with both acceptance and flexibility to inter- and intrapersonal circumstances) constitutes a third dimension (i.e., the behavioral dimension). This tridemensional conceptualization of subjective well-being has recently been verified using Unidimensional Item Response Theory (UIRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). Here, we use a recently developed and more robust approach that combines these two methods (i.e., Multidimensional Item Response Theory, MIRT) to simultaneously address the complex interactions and multidimensionality behind how people feel, think, and behave in relation to happiness in their life. Method: A total of 435 participants (197 males and 238 females) with an age mean of 44.84 (sd = 13.36) responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (10 positive affect items, 10 negative affect items), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (five items), and the Harmony in life Scale (five items). We used Bifactor-Graded Response MIRT for the main analyses. Result: At the general level, each of the 30 items had a strong capacity to discriminate between respondents across all three dimensions of subjective well-being. The investigation of different parameters (e.g., marginal slopes, ECV, IECV) strongly reflected the multidimensionality of subjective well-being at the item, the scale, and the model level. Indeed, subjective well-being could explain 64 % of the common variance in the whole model. Moreover, most of the items measuring positive affect (8/10) and life satisfaction (4/5) and all the items measuring harmony in life (5/5) accounted for a larger amount of variance of subjective well-being compared to that of their respective individual dimensions. The negative affect items, however, measured its own individual concept to a lager extent rather than subjective well-being. Thus, suggesting that the experience of negative affect is a more independent dimension within the whole subjective well-being model. We also found that specific items (e.g., “Alert”, “Distressed”, “Irritable”, “I am satisfied with my life”) were the recurrent exceptions in our results. Last but not the least, experiencing high levels in one dimension seems to compensate for low levels in the others and vice versa. Conclusion: As expected, the three subjective well-being dimensions do not work separately. Interestingly, the order and magnitude of the effect by each dimension on subjective well-being mirror how people define happiness in their life: first as harmony, second as satisfaction, third as positive emotions, and fourth, albeit to a much lesser degree, as negative emotions. Ergo, we argue that subjective well-being functions as a complex biopsychosocial adaptive system mirroring our attitude towards life in these three dimensions (A: affective dimension; B: behavioral dimension; C: cognitive dimension). Ergo, researchers and practitioners need to take in to account all three to fully understand, measure, and promote people's experience of the happy life. Moreover, our results also suggest that negative affect, especially regarding high activation unpleasant emotions, need considerable changes and further analyses if it is going to be included as a construct within the affective dimension of a general subjective well-being factor.
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| 6. |
- Al Nima, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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The happiness-increasing strategies scales and well-being in a sample of Swedish adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Happiness and Development. - : INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD. - 2049-2790 .- 2049-2804. ; 1:2, s. 196-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an adolescent sample, the present study examines the factor structure of the happiness-increasing strategies scales (H-ISS) found by Tkach and Lyubomirsky (2006), gender differences, and the relationship between the strategies and subjective and psychological well-being measured a year after the H-ISS. A principal axis factoring using an oblique rotation procedure estimated the eight factors, which partially differed from those found earlier: social interaction, mental control, partying, religion, self-directed, instrumental goal pursuit, active leisure, and prevented activities. Girls used social interaction, mental control, partying, and religion more frequently than boys. Boys scored higher in prevented activities. The strategies accounted for 34% of the variance in life satisfaction, 43% of positive affect, 18% of negative affect, and 28% of psychological well-being. The study suggests that, with slight modifications, the H-ISS can be used among adolescents to measure individual differences in behaviour that increase positive experiences over time.
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| 7. |
- Alawa, J., et al.
(författare)
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Medication for opioid use disorder in the Arab World: A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Drug Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a global public health concern. The standard of care for OUD involves treatment using medications such as buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone. No known review exists to assess the contextual factors associated with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the Arab World. This systematic review serves as an implementation science study to address this research gap and improve the uptake of MOUD in the Arab World. Methods: Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and a citation analysis, were used to identify peer-reviewed articles with original data on MOUD in the Arab World. Quality assessment was conducted using the CASP appraisal tools, and main findings were extracted and coded according to the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Results: 652 research articles were identified, and 10 met inclusion criteria for final review. Four studies considered health-systems aspects of MOUD administration, such as cost-effectiveness, the motivations for and impact of national MOUD policies, the types of social, political, and scientific advocacy that led to the adoption of MOUD in Arab countries, and the challenges limiting its wide-scale adoption in the Arab World. Six papers considered MOUD at individual and group patient levels by evaluating patient quality of life, addiction severity, patient satisfaction, and patient perspectives on opioid agonist therapy. Conclusion: Despite financial and geographic barriers that limit access to MOUD in the Arab World, this review found MOUD to be cost-effective and associated with positive health outcomes for OUD patients in the Arab World. MOUD can be successfully established and scaled to the national level in the Arab context, and strong coalitions of health practitioners can lobby to establish MOUD programs in Arab countries. Still, the relative novelty of MOUD in this context precludes an abundance of research to address its long-term delivery in the Arab World. © 2022
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and Organizational Factors at the Basis of Newly Graduated Nurses’ Burnout
- 2020
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Ingår i: XXXII International Congress of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Nurses’ burnout is extremely costly for hospitals and society in general. This is of special concern among newly graduated nurses, because about 25%-30% of them burnout or drop their jobs after the first year of employment. The aim of the present study was to investigate if newly graduated nurses’ perception of their work climate mediated the relationship between their personality and burnout symptoms. Method: At the beginning of their first year of work, 120 Swedish nurses answered the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Learning Climate Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test if the effect of personality on burnout was mediated by nurses’ outlook on their work climate. Results: The mediation model was significant (F = 2.30, F-change = 4.71, p < .05, R2 = .14). Both Harm Avoidance ( = .27, p < .05) and Persistence ( = .22, p < .05) were related to higher levels of burnout. However, nurses’ perception of their work climate totally mediated the effect of both Harm Avoidance ( = .19, p = .10) and Persistence ( = .16, p = .15) on burnout. Conclusion: Nurses with a personality profile characterized by excessive worrying, pessimism, shyness, and fear (i.e., high Harm Avoidance) and who were perseverant in spite of fatigue or frustration (i.e., high Persistence) were more vulnerable to burnout because of their tendency to perceive lack of support and a highly demanding workplace. Moreover, they perceived a general feeling of work dissatisfaction and lacked sense of control over organizational events and the opportunity to learn and develop their competence. In sum, interventions aimed to mitigate the effect of critical work factors on burnout have to consider personality first; that is, the key to prevent burnout might be the development of a resilient personality profile.
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| 10. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Job Satisfaction Leads to Better Health By Improving Psychiatric Patients’ Outlook on Their Illness
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science. Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We found that psychiatric patients with regular or supported employment, compared to psychiatric patients without it, reported higher levels of health. More important, job satisfaction was related to not feeling prevented in daily life by their mental illness, which in turn lead to better health.
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